What causes water to become temporarily hard? How can it be taken off? [Answer Limit: 50 words] [UKPSC 2012]
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Temporary hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, which precipitate upon heating. It can be removed by boiling the water or by adding chemicals like sodium carbonate, which converts bicarbonates into insoluble carbonates, allowing them to settle out.