The Gupta period (circa 320-550 CE) is often regarded as a golden age of Indian science and technology, marked by significant advancements:

1. Mathematics: The Gupta era saw profound developments in mathematics, particularly through the work of mathematicians like Aryabhata. Aryabhata’s “Aryabhatiya” introduced concepts such as zero and the decimal system, and detailed trigonometric functions, which had a lasting impact on both Indian and global mathematics.
2. Astronomy: Aryabhata’s contributions also extended to astronomy, where he proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis and provided a heliocentric model of the solar system. His work on eclipses and planetary motions laid the foundation for future astronomical research.
3. Medicine: The period saw advancements in medical knowledge, with texts like “Sushruta Samhita” and “Charaka Samhita” detailing surgical techniques, herbal treatments, and holistic approaches to health. Sushruta, in particular, is noted for his pioneering work in surgery and surgical instruments.
4. Metallurgy: The Gupta period is renowned for its metallurgical achievements, including the creation of the Iron Pillar of Delhi, which demonstrates advanced knowledge of ironworking and rust-resistant alloys.

These contributions reflect the Gupta period’s vibrant intellectual culture and its significant role in the development of science and technology.