Main Issues Related to Poverty and Hunger

1. Persistent Inequality

Despite significant progress, income inequality remains a major issue. In India, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen, affecting access to resources. For instance, the Economic Survey 2022-23 highlighted that while the rich have seen a substantial increase in their income, the poorest segments have not experienced comparable improvements, exacerbating poverty.

2. Insufficient Access to Basic Services

Many poor households lack adequate access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and clean drinking water. The NITI Aayog’s 2023 SDG India Index reveals disparities in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across states, with poorer states lagging in health and education metrics.

3. Food Insecurity

Despite various schemes like the Public Distribution System (PDS), food insecurity persists due to issues such as leakages, inefficiencies, and corruption. The Global Hunger Index 2023 rated India as having a “serious” level of hunger, highlighting the need for better implementation of food security measures.

4. Economic Vulnerability

The economic impacts of crises like the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately affected the poor, increasing job losses and income instability. Reports from the International Labour Organization (ILO) indicate a significant rise in unemployment and underemployment among low-income workers during the pandemic.

5. Rural-Urban Disparities

There is a notable disparity between rural and urban areas in terms of access to resources and opportunities. Rural areas often face higher levels of poverty and food insecurity, as highlighted by the State of Rural and Urban Poverty 2024 report, emphasizing the need for targeted rural development programs.

Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach that combines economic reforms, improved governance, and enhanced social safety nets.