Differences Between the Indian Federal System and the U.S. Federal System

1. Nature of Federalism:

• India: India has a quasi-federal system with a strong central government. The Union Government has significant powers over states, and in case of a conflict, the Union prevails. For example, the Article 356 allows the central government to dissolve state assemblies and impose President’s rule.
• USA: The U.S. follows a dual federalism model where states have substantial autonomy. The 10th Amendment reserves powers not explicitly given to the federal government to the states.

2. Division of Powers:

• India: The Union List, State List, and Concurrent List divide powers, but in case of conflict, Union laws prevail.
• USA: Powers are divided between the federal government and states without a concurrent list, providing clearer separation.

3. Judicial Review:

• India: The Supreme Court has the power to review and adjudicate conflicts between state and central laws.
• USA: The Supreme Court can also review and resolve federal-state conflicts, but the principle of states’ rights often limits federal intervention.

Conclusion: India’s federal system is more centralized compared to the U.S., with greater central authority and overlapping powers between central and state governments.