Examine the international Court of Justice’s jurisdiction critically. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2018]
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Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice (ICJ)
**1. Contentious Jurisdiction: The ICJ settles disputes between sovereign states. This jurisdiction is voluntary, meaning states must consent to the Court’s authority. For example, the 2019 verdict in the maritime boundary dispute between Mauritius and the Maldives was based on mutual consent.
**2. Advisory Jurisdiction: The ICJ provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred by the UN or its specialized agencies. The 2019 advisory opinion on the legality of the Kosovo declaration of independence was sought by the UN General Assembly.
**3. Limitations:
Conclusion: While the ICJ plays a crucial role in resolving state disputes and offering legal advice, its effectiveness is constrained by its reliance on state consent and lack of enforcement authority.