Examine the primary issues surrounding Schedule Tribes’ empowerment in India. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2019]
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Problems of Empowerment of Scheduled Tribes in India
1. Economic Marginalization: Scheduled Tribes (STs) often face economic marginalization due to limited access to resources and employment opportunities. Many STs rely on traditional livelihoods like forestry and agriculture, which are increasingly threatened by land acquisition for industrial projects. For example, the Vedanta Mining Project in Odisha faced opposition from tribal communities due to displacement issues.
2. Educational Barriers: Access to quality education remains a significant challenge for STs. High dropout rates and lack of infrastructure in tribal areas hinder educational attainment. Recent data indicates that tribal literacy rates are still lower than the national average.
3. Health Inequality: STs experience poor health outcomes and limited access to healthcare services. Malnutrition and high infant mortality rates are prevalent. Government initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) aim to address these issues but challenges remain.
4. Social Exclusion: Social discrimination and cultural exclusion persist, affecting STs’ integration and representation in mainstream society. The implementation of affirmative action is often inadequate, leading to continued social and economic disparities.
Conclusion: The empowerment of Scheduled Tribes in India is hampered by economic marginalization, educational barriers, health inequalities, and social exclusion. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive policy interventions and effective implementation of welfare schemes.