Money Laundering and Human Trafficking as Non-Traditional Security Challenges

1. Money Laundering
Money laundering involves concealing the origins of illegally obtained money, often linked to organized crime and terrorism.

• Recent Example: The Panama Papers leak exposed global money laundering networks involving Indian entities, highlighting the challenge of financial transparency and regulatory oversight.
• Impact: Erodes economic stability and can undermine institutional integrity.

2. Human Trafficking
Human trafficking involves the illegal trade of humans for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other purposes.

• Recent Example: The rise in trafficking during the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased reports of exploitation and abuse.
• Impact: Violates human rights and destabilizes communities.

Conclusion
Both money laundering and human trafficking pose significant non-traditional security challenges, requiring robust international cooperation and effective enforcement.