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Even if Prime Minister Modi and the Chinese President had a friendly summit in Mamallpuram, the disagreement over actual control has become more intense after a few years apart. What do you believe the causes of it are? (200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]
Reasons Behind the Deepening Dispute on the Line of Actual Control (LAC)
1. Historical Context and Strategic Interests:
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) has always been a contentious issue between India and China, stemming from the unresolved border disputes that date back to the 1962 Sino-Indian War. The Mammallapuram Summit in 2019 aimed at easing tensions but failed to address underlying historical grievances.
Both nations have strategic interests in the border regions. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and infrastructure developments in Tibet influence their strategic posture, while India’s focus on strengthening its border infrastructure and military presence is seen as a countermeasure.
2. Recent Escalations and Specific Incidents:
The Galwan Valley clash in June 2020 was a significant escalation. The violent confrontation led to casualties on both sides, indicating a deepening rift despite previous diplomatic engagements. This incident demonstrated the fragile nature of border agreements and highlighted the increased militarization.
Recent Chinese infrastructure projects along the LAC, such as roads and military facilities, have been perceived as aggressive by India. Conversely, India’s infrastructure development in regions like Ladakh has been viewed with suspicion by China, further intensifying the border standoff.
3. Diplomatic Challenges and Communication Gaps:
Despite diplomatic efforts, including the Mammallapuram Summit, the lack of a clear and mutual understanding on LAC demarcation has led to continued friction. Regular border talks and mechanisms for de-escalation are often stalled or ineffective.
There are communication gaps between the two countries regarding their strategic intentions and military movements. This has led to misinterpretations and heightened tensions.
Conclusion:
The deepening dispute on the LAC is driven by historical grievances, strategic interests, and recent escalations like the Galwan Valley clash. Diplomatic challenges and communication gaps further complicate the situation, making it difficult to achieve a lasting resolution despite efforts such as the Mammallapuram Summit.