Town Planning of Harappan Civilization

The Harappan Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) is renowned for its advanced urban planning and architectural sophistication. Key Features:

1. Grid Layout: Cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were designed on a grid pattern, with streets intersecting at right angles, creating a well-organized layout.
2. Drainage System: The civilization had an elaborate drainage system. Brick-lined drains ran along the streets, and houses had private drainage connections, ensuring sanitation and cleanliness.
3. Residential and Public Areas: Cities were divided into residential and public areas. Residential neighborhoods had standardized brick houses, while public areas featured significant structures such as the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro.
4. Standardized Brick Size: Uniform brick sizes used in construction indicate standardized building practices and centralized control over urban planning.
5. Fortifications: Cities were fortified with thick walls and gateways, suggesting a need for defense and organized urban planning.

Conclusion: The town planning of the Harappan Civilization reflects advanced urban management, sophisticated engineering, and an emphasis on public health and standardized construction practices.