The difference between Fundamental Rights, Legal Rights, and Human Rights:

Fundamental Rights

• Constitutional Origin: Fundamental rights are guaranteed by the Constitution of India, specifically under Part III (Articles 12 to 35).
• Scope: They are basic rights essential for human dignity and are enforceable by the courts.
• Examples: Right to Equality (Article 14), Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article 19), Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32).
• Enforceability: Citizens can directly approach the Supreme Court or High Courts in case of violation.

Legal Rights

• Statutory Origin: These rights are granted by legislation (laws passed by the Parliament or State Legislatures).
• Scope: Legal rights may or may not align with fundamental rights but are conferred by law.
• Examples: Right to Vote under the Representation of the People Act, 1951; Right to Information under the RTI Act, 2005.
• Enforceability: Can be enforced through ordinary courts of law but do not have the same constitutional protection as fundamental rights.

Human Rights

• Universal Origin: These are rights inherent to all human beings, irrespective of nationality, race, religion, or gender. They are derived from international frameworks like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
• Scope: Broader and universal in nature, protecting individuals against severe violations such as slavery, torture, discrimination.
• Examples: Right to Life, Right to Freedom from Slavery, Right to Work.
• Enforceability: Human rights are protected through international treaties and organizations (like the UN Human Rights Council). In India, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) addresses human rights issues.

Summary:

• Fundamental Rights: Constitutionally guaranteed, enforceable in courts.
• Legal Rights: Granted by law, enforceable through ordinary courts.
• Human Rights: Universal moral principles recognized globally, enforceable through national and international mechanisms.