What are monoclonal antibodies, and how are they used in treating diseases?
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Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that are prepared in laboratory where a specific lymphocyte after isolation and culture in vitro gains the capability to produce a single type of antibody and acts on a specific antigen only.
They are used to treat several diseases:
1. Disease Diagnosis- They help in diagnosis of diseases such a ELISA to test HIV, hepatitis, herpes etc.
2. Disease treatement- The are used in treatment such as immunodetection and radial immune therapy of cancer. They block the cell growth by destroying the outer membrane of a cancer cell.
Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that are prepared in laboratory where a specific lymphocyte after isolation and culture in vitro gains the capability to produce a single type of antibody and acts on a specific antigen only.
They are used to treat several diseases:
1. Disease Diagnosis- They help in diagnosis of diseases such as ELISA to test HIV, hepatitis, herpes etc.
2. Disease treatement- The are used in treatment such as immunodetection and radial immune therapy of cancer. They block the cell growth by destroying the outer membrane of a cancer cell.
monoclonal antibodies :Procedure:
Mice is injected with a antigen +adjuvant at primary dose.
Followed by second booster dose at the day of 14th and 28th day after that mice are incubated for 3 to 5 days then spleen cell is harvested and fused with plasma cell by fusing agent polyethylene glycol.
Unfused myleoma cell cannot grow because lack of enzyme HGPRT (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribose transferase).
Unfused Spleen cell also cannot grow permanently due to their limited lifespan.
Spleen cell partner supplies HGPRT to myleoma cells whereas mylemoa cell gives life to spleen cell.
Thus process is exploited by transferring the hybrid call into medium is know as HAT(hypoxanthine Aminopterine Thymidine)
Antibodies are produced through this method which is used to treat many diseases.