The long-term impact of World War I on the development of international organizations and the pursuit of collective security was significant. The war led to a reevaluation of the concept of international relations and the need for international cooperation to prevent future conflicts. Here are some key ways in which World War I shaped the development of international organizations and the pursuit of collective security:

Establishment of the League of Nations:

1. Paris Peace Conference: The Paris Peace Conference (1919) established the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at promoting collective security and preventing future wars.
2. League’s Mandates: The League’s mandates included preventing war, settling disputes through diplomacy, and promoting economic cooperation and disarmament.
3. Limited Effectiveness: Despite its noble goals, the League was criticized for its limited effectiveness in preventing wars, particularly in cases where great powers refused to cooperate.

International Conferences and Treaties:

1. Washington Naval Conference: The 1921 Washington Naval Conference led to the signing of several treaties, including the Washington Naval Treaty, which limited naval armaments.
2. Geneva Protocol: The 1928 Geneva Protocol established the principle of outlawing poison gas and other chemical weapons.
3. Kellogg-Briand Pact: The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact renounced war as an instrument of national policy and established a system of collective security.

Rise of International Organizations:

1. United Nations (UN): The League’s failure led to the establishment of the United Nations (UN) in 1945, with a broader mandate and stronger powers.
2. International Monetary Fund (IMF): The 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, aimed at promoting international economic cooperation.
3. World Health Organization (WHO): The 1948 World Health Organization (WHO) was established to promote global health and combat diseases.

Collective Security:

1. Alliance System: The League’s collective security system was based on the idea that all member states would come together to defend against aggression.
2. Article 10: The League’s Article 10 stated that member states would respect and guarantee the territorial integrity and political independence of all member states.
3. Collective Defense: The concept of collective defense emerged, where member states would come together to defend against aggression.

Challenges and Limitations:

1. Great Power Politics: The League’s effectiveness was limited by the refusal of great powers to cooperate, particularly during the interwar period.
2. Lack of Enforcement Mechanisms: The League lacked effective enforcement mechanisms, making it difficult to enforce its decisions.
3. National Sovereignty: The prioritization of national sovereignty over collective security remained a significant challenge.