Marxism-Leninism, the ideological foundation of the Soviet Union, was a blend of Marxism and Lenin’s interpretations of revolutionary theory and practice. This ideology played a crucial role in shaping the development of the Soviet political system, influencing its structure, policies, and institutions.

Key components of Marxism-Leninism:

1. Class struggle: Marxism-Leninism emphasized the importance of class struggle as the primary driving force behind historical change.
2. Proletariat as the revolutionary class: The ideology posited that the proletariat (working class) would lead the revolution against the bourgeoisie (capitalist class).
3. Dictatorship of the proletariat: After the revolution, the proletariat would establish a dictatorship to eliminate capitalist and bourgeois elements, establishing a socialist society.
4. State ownership of means of production: Marxism-Leninism advocated for state ownership and control of the means of production to eliminate exploitation and ensure social equality.
5. Vanguard party: The ideology emphasized the importance of a vanguard party, led by a charismatic leader, to guide the revolution and maintain power after the initial victory.
6. Democratic centralism: The party’s decision-making process was based on democratic centralism, where decisions were made through a centralized process, but with some input from local parties.

Influence on the Soviet political system:

1. Soviet constitution: The Soviet Constitution (1936) was heavily influenced by Marxism-Leninism, emphasizing the importance of state ownership, collective leadership, and democratic centralism.
2. Party-state relationship: The Communist Party’s dominant role in the Soviet government was a direct result of Marxism-Leninism’s emphasis on the vanguard party.
3. Economic policies: The ideology guided Soviet economic policies, including state ownership and control of key industries, collectivization, and industrialization.
4. Social policies: Marxism-Leninism influenced social policies, such as education, healthcare, and social welfare programs, aimed at promoting social equality and eliminating social classes.
5. International relations: The ideology shaped Soviet foreign policy, including alliances with other communist states and rivalries with capitalist powers.