Effectively safeguarding a constitution against amendments that could undermine fundamental rights requires a combination of legal, institutional, and societal measures:

1. Strong Fundamental Principles: Ensure that fundamental rights are enshrined as core principles that cannot be amended easily or without stringent procedures. This might include requiring a supermajority vote, a referendum, or judicial review to amend certain rights.
2. Separation of Powers: Establish a robust system of checks and balances where the judiciary has the authority to review and strike down amendments that violate fundamental rights. This requires an independent judiciary that is capable of interpreting the constitution impartially.
3. Public Awareness and Education: Foster a culture of constitutionalism where citizens understand and value their fundamental rights. Educated and engaged citizens are more likely to resist attempts to undermine constitutional rights through amendments.
4. International Standards and Commitments: Align constitutional provisions with international human rights standards and treaties, which can provide additional protection and norms against retrogressive amendments.
5. Political Consensus Building: Encourage broad political consensus on the importance of protecting fundamental rights. Political parties and leaders should prioritize the constitution’s integrity over short-term gains.
6. Amendment Safeguards: Implement procedural safeguards such as requiring amendments to undergo rigorous scrutiny, public consultation, and possibly time delays to prevent hasty changes that could harm fundamental rights.

By implementing these measures, a constitution can be fortified against amendments aimed at undermining fundamental rights, ensuring its enduring protection and relevance in safeguarding democratic principles and individual liberties.