Gender differences in early societies were crucial in shaping social structures, roles, and relationships. These differences influenced various aspects of life, including inheritance, family dynamics, and societal norms.

Importance of Gender Differences

1.Patrilineal Structures: Most early societies operated under a patrilineal system, where lineage and inheritance were traced through the male line. This meant that sons were often prioritized for inheritance and family continuity, while daughters had limited rights to family resources.

2. Role in Marriage and Family: Gender roles dictated that women were often married off to strengthen family ties or alliances, emphasizing the importance of exogamy. This practice was seen as a way to enhance social status and ensure the continuity of family lines. The expectation for women to adopt their husband’s gotra (clan) after marriage further exemplified their lack of autonomy in familial structures.

3. Social Status and Resource Control: While women could retain certain gifts received during marriage, the overall control of resources remained predominantly with men. This disparity in access to resources often led to social stratification, where upper-class women might have some access to wealth, but the majority of women were economically dependent on their male relatives.