Model Answer

Introduction

Mahatma Gandhi articulated the concept of the “Seven Social Sins,” reflecting his belief that certain behaviors undermine human progress and happiness. These principles serve as a moral compass, guiding individuals and societies towards ethical living.

Body

1. Wealth Without Work

This sin highlights the accumulation of wealth without contributing to society. It is often exemplified by corruption and fraud. The 2018 Punjab National Bank scam, where fraudulent letters of credit led to a loss of over $1.8 billion, epitomizes this issue, illustrating how unethical practices can create significant societal harm.

2. Pleasure Without Conscience

Gandhi warned against pursuing pleasure without considering its impact on others or the environment. The fast fashion industry serves as a modern example, where overconsumption leads to environmental degradation and worker exploitation, raising ethical concerns about sustainability and human rights.

3. Knowledge Without Character

This sin addresses the pursuit of knowledge devoid of moral grounding. The 2011 Harvard University cheating scandal, involving over 100 students, exemplifies this, demonstrating how academic dishonesty can tarnish educational integrity.

4. Commerce Without Morality

Gandhi criticized the pursuit of profit without ethical considerations. The 2013 Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh, which killed over 1,100 workers due to unsafe conditions, starkly illustrates the consequences of prioritizing profit over worker safety.

5. Science Without Humanity

This sin refers to scientific endeavors that disregard human dignity. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which involved unethical experimentation on African American men without consent, exemplifies this sin, raising profound ethical questions about medical research.

6. Religion Without Sacrifice

Gandhi criticized religious beliefs that lack genuine commitment to helping others. The 2019 Easter Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka highlight the dangers of religious extremism, where beliefs were twisted to justify violence.

7. Politics Without Principle

This sin addresses political power pursued without ethical standards. The Watergate scandal of the 1970s, where illegal activities were used to undermine opponents, illustrates how corruption can erode public trust in governance.

Conclusion

By recognizing and striving to avoid these seven sins, individuals and societies can work towards a more just and equitable world that prioritizes ethical governance and human dignity. Gandhi’s insights remain relevant, urging us to reflect on our values and actions in today’s complex socio-political landscape.

Model Answer

Introduction

Max Weber, a prominent sociologist, asserted that it is unwise to apply personal moral and ethical norms to public administration. He emphasized that state bureaucracy possesses its own independent bureaucratic morality, essential for the efficient functioning of administrative systems. This statement invites critical examination of the interplay between morality and public administration.

Body

Bureaucratic Morality and Efficiency

Weber’s argument acknowledges the necessity of a specialized moral code tailored to bureaucratic operations. The state bureaucracy functions within a complex framework of rules and regulations, and public administrators must adhere to these standards to deliver public services efficiently. This bureaucratic morality serves as a guideline for officials, facilitating decision-making and ensuring accountability.

Critique of Bureaucratic Exclusivity

Conversely, Weber’s stance has drawn criticism for potentially minimizing the importance of moral and ethical considerations in public administration. By suggesting that bureaucracy should operate independently of societal moral values, there is a risk of fostering an environment where decisions are driven solely by adherence to rules. This can result in outcomes that conflict with the broader ethical principles of society, eroding public trust in government institutions.

For instance, bureaucratic decisions that prioritize procedural compliance over ethical implications may lead to injustices, such as racial profiling in law enforcement or discriminatory policies in public services. These actions can create a disconnect between the state and its citizens, undermining the legitimacy of public administration.

Finding a Balance

It is crucial to strike a balance between bureaucratic efficiency and moral responsibility. While a distinct bureaucratic morality is necessary, it should align with broader societal values. Public administrators must be held accountable for their actions, guided by ethical principles of fairness, justice, and equality.

Conclusion

Weber’s assertion that public administration should adhere to unique moral standards holds some validity; however, it must be tempered by an awareness of social and ethical implications. An ethical framework that integrates bureaucratic efficiency with societal values is essential for fostering trust and legitimacy in public administration.