It is imperative that admission tests in India be reformed by improving security, transparency, and equity in order to deter infractions and provide an efficient and just system that will safeguard students’ futures. Examine.
Model Answer Introduction The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), enacted in 2005, aims to provide 100 days of wage employment annually to rural households, foster inclusive development, and strengthen rural infrastructure. However, its effectiveness in achieving theseRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), enacted in 2005, aims to provide 100 days of wage employment annually to rural households, foster inclusive development, and strengthen rural infrastructure. However, its effectiveness in achieving these goals remains a subject of analysis.
Capacity Building of Rural Poor
In the financial year 2023-24, MGNREGA generated 3.1 billion person-days of employment, significantly aiding rural livelihoods. Additionally, initiatives like Project “UNNATI” have enhanced workers’ skills, equipping them for sustainable employment.
Creation of Productive Assets
As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, MGNREGA-funded projects, such as water body renovation and land reclamation, have improved agricultural productivity, increased household incomes, reduced migration, and alleviated rural indebtedness.
Social Inclusion
The scheme has effectively involved marginalized communities. In 2022-23, Scheduled Castes (SCs) constituted 19.75%, Scheduled Tribes (STs) 17.47%, and women 57.39% of total participants, promoting equitable development.
Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
Panchayats play a critical role in planning and executing MGNREGA projects, while Gram Sabhas conduct regular social audits, fostering transparency and accountability.
Limitations of MGNREGA
Violation of Rights-Based Approach
A significant number of applicants are denied employment. For instance, only 9-14% of disabled persons and 5-9% of senior citizens in Bihar benefited from the scheme between 2014-2019.
Non-Uniform Wages and Payment Delays
Wage rates under MGNREGA vary across states, ranging from Rs. 193 to Rs. 318, with frequent delays in disbursal. Only 3% of job seekers received unemployment allowance in the past five years.
Ineffective Social Audits
Despite being mandated, social audits are inconsistent. In 2020-21, only 29,611 Gram Panchayats conducted audits, leaving many projects unexamined.
Use of Labour-Displacing Machinery
The 2021 CAG Report highlighted the widespread use of machinery, such as tractors, in Bihar, undermining the scheme’s labour-intensive mandate.
Conclusion
MGNREGA has significantly contributed to rural development but faces critical challenges. Measures like indexing wages to rural inflation, appointing a district-level Ombudsperson, and increasing financial allocation can enhance its efficiency and better address rural distress.
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Lets discuss about it in detail: Why is a reform on the entry exams necessary? 1. Like in any other exams, at the entry exams it is possible to cheat and other unverified means (violations) used. 2.The modification would see this happen within a just platform which is also protecting our future. HowRead more
Lets discuss about it in detail:
Why is a reform on the entry exams necessary?
1. Like in any other exams, at the entry exams it is possible to cheat and other unverified means (violations) used.
2.The modification would see this happen within a just platform which is also protecting our future.
How can we carry out this?
There are three main points:
1. Insecurity, which involves preventing cheating and ensuring the integrity of the examination .
2. To aid clarification, transparency is very essential, especially when it comes to understanding some complex rules used during examination, its design or even assessment as against the likelihood of any misunderstanding or prejudice occurring in this situation.
3. Fairness must be reflected at all costs so that no student is left behind, regardless of his/her locality, social status or inherent abilities.
what are the advantages of reforms like these?
1. Examinations shall be both just and reliable.
2. We shall therefore be more self-assured while at the same time less anxious.
3. For everyone, there will be an even possibility to succeed.
4.Finally, under this model, India’s education system will become more reputable on the global scene.
What problems are faced in trying to introduce changes such as these ones?
1.Ensuring that there is a common laws to be followed by all examination boards and institutions.
2.Managing technology limitations in underdeveloped or remote areas.
3.Mixing safety with comfort.
Through revamping India’s entry examinations on safety, equity, as well as transparency lines, it will be possible for us to come up with a fair and workable system that safeguards our posterity’s interests while giving every student an equal chance to excel.
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