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Home/upsc: bilateral relations

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Amrith Raj
  • 1
Amrith RajBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , ,
  • 1

Discuss the challenges and strategies for managing a robust online presence while protecting personal privacy and security.

personalprivacysecurityupsc: bilateral relations
  1. Meghalina Chakraborty
    Meghalina Chakraborty Learner Curiosity driven, avid knowledge seeker.

    Balancing a strong online presence with ensuring personal privacy and security is a nuanced task, requiring a strategic approach to navigate the digital landscape. Challenges: The primary challenge lies in the dichotomy between visibility and vulnerability. A robust online presence necessitates sharRead more

    Balancing a strong online presence with ensuring personal privacy and security is a nuanced task, requiring a strategic approach to navigate the digital landscape.

    Challenges: The primary challenge lies in the dichotomy between visibility and vulnerability. A robust online presence necessitates sharing content, engaging with audiences, and networking, which inherently increases exposure to risks such as identity theft, cyberstalking, and data breaches. Additionally, the extensive digital footprint created can be exploited by malicious entities for targeted attacks or unauthorized data mining.

    Strategies: To mitigate these risks, several strategies can be employed:

    1. Privacy Settings: Regularly updating and customizing privacy settings on social media platforms to control who can access personal information.
    2. Data Minimization: Sharing only essential information online and avoiding oversharing personal details that could be misused.
    3. Strong Passwords: Utilizing complex, unique passwords for different accounts and enabling two-factor authentication to enhance security.
    4. Regular Monitoring: Conducting periodic audits of one’s digital footprint and monitoring for any unauthorized access or suspicious activities.
    5. Education and Awareness: Staying informed about the latest cybersecurity threats and best practices to proactively protect personal information.
    6. Use of Security Tools: Employing tools like VPNs, antivirus software, and encryption to safeguard online activities.

    By implementing these strategies, individuals can effectively manage a strong online presence while ensuring personal privacy and security, striking a balance between connectivity and protection.

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Sumedha Das
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Sumedha DasBegginer
Asked: July 27, 2024In:
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questionupsc: bilateral relations
  1. Kanhiya Lal
    Kanhiya Lal Begginer

    Corruption is a significant obstacle to the effectiveness of government policies and programs aimed at poverty alleviation and economic development in India. Here are some ways in which corruption undermines the effectiveness of such initiatives: Misappropriation of funds: Corruption leads to the miRead more

    Corruption is a significant obstacle to the effectiveness of government policies and programs aimed at poverty alleviation and economic development in India. Here are some ways in which corruption undermines the effectiveness of such initiatives:

    1. Misappropriation of funds: Corruption leads to the misappropriation of funds intended for poverty alleviation and economic development programs. This means that the resources meant for the poor and vulnerable are diverted to personal gains, weakening the impact of these programs.
    2. Inefficient allocation of resources: Corruption leads to inefficient allocation of resources, as funds are often allocated based on personal connections and favoritism rather than need. This means that resources are not reaching those who need them most, further exacerbating poverty and inequality.
    3. Low quality of services: Corruption can lead to a lack of accountability, resulting in low-quality services being provided to those in need. For example, healthcare services may be compromised, or infrastructure projects may be poorly constructed, reducing their impact on poverty alleviation and economic development.
    4. Exclusion of marginalized groups: Corruption can lead to the exclusion of marginalized groups from accessing government programs and services. Those with connections and influence may receive preferential treatment, while those who are less well-connected are left behind.
    5. Deterrent effect: Corruption can create a deterrent effect, where individuals are discouraged from participating in government programs or seeking assistance due to fear of corruption or exploitation.
    6. Erosion of trust: Corruption erodes trust between citizens and the government, making it challenging to implement effective poverty alleviation and economic development programs.
    7. Brain drain: Corruption can lead to a brain drain, as talented individuals may choose not to work for the government or in sectors affected by corruption, leading to a lack of expertise and talent in key areas.
    8. Undermining of institutional capabilities: Corruption can undermine the capabilities of institutions responsible for implementing poverty alleviation and economic development programs, leading to inefficiencies and ineffectiveness.
    9. Reduced foreign investment: Corruption can discourage foreign investment, as investors may view India as a high-risk destination due to corruption concerns.
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Kalpna Mehara
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Kalpna MeharaLearner
Asked: June 8, 2024In:
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India has so far been able to successfully preserve its favorable bilateral ties with both countries while prioritising its own interests, despite the obvious tensions between the USA and Russia. (Answer in 250 words)

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Mansi Gautam
    Mansi Gautam Learner

    Answer: Presently, USA-Russia relationship stands apart largely due to differences over issues such as nuclear disarmament, Iran crisis, Ukrainian crisis, Afghan fiasco, geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific and climate negotiation. These differences are promoting strategic apprehension from both the sideRead more

    Answer: Presently, USA-Russia relationship stands apart largely due to differences over issues such as nuclear disarmament, Iran crisis, Ukrainian crisis, Afghan fiasco, geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific and climate negotiation. These differences are promoting strategic apprehension from both the sides and contributing to the ongoing strategic impasse. India has good relations with both Russia and the US and siding with one of these countries could cost India its relationship with the other. However, that has not been the case so far as India seems to have taken a neutral approach and has maintained its relationship with Russia and the US independent of each other by not letting either of them dictate its foreign policy, as witnessed recently: India’s relations with Russia:

    • Despite the growing tensions between the USA and Russia, India hosted the Russian President for the Indo-Russian annual bilateral summit in 2021. Also, India and Russia held their first ever 2+2 Ministerial dialogue, indicating that Russia is as important to India as its QUAD partners.
    • Notwithstanding the possibility of American sanctions through CAATSA, India not only decided to go ahead with the deal for S-400 missile defence systems, but also finalized a fresh deal worth INR 5,000 crores for the manufacture of 7.5 lakh AK 203 Russian assault rifles.
    • Similarly, India abstained from the procedural vote at the UNSC ahead of a meeting to discuss the current tensions around Ukraine and called for a peaceful resolution, keeping in mind the interests of all parties involved.

    India’s relations with USA:

    • In spite of Russia’s staunch disapproval, India has been working closely with the US in the Indo-Pacific through regular engagements within and outside the QUAD. It shows that India can primarily act according to its own interests.
    • The enhanced partnership between Russia and China has raised doubts amongst policymakers in India about Russia’s effectiveness in balancing China. Therefore, India is now fast-tracking manifold its multifaceted cooperation with the US, mainly to balance a belligerent China.
    • India has a robust defence partnership with the US through institutional arrangements such as the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Understanding (LEMOA), Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA), Industrial Security Annex (ISA), Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA), Defense Technology Trade Initiative (DTTI). Further, India has also accorded the status of a ‘Major Defence Partner’ to the USA.

    Both the USA and Russia as veto-wielding powers in the United Nations support India’s bid for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council as well as support India’s entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group. Since a permanent seat in the UNSC and NSG membership are seen as pivotal to India’s aspirations of projecting itself as a major global power, a strategic relationship with the USA and Russia becomes even more paramount. India has successfully maintained ties with its major strategic partners, and is making its own foreign policy decisions irrespective of the stance of Russia or the USA.

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Soni Sharma
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Soni SharmaBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In: , , , , ,
  • 1

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Anubhav Bhowmick
    Anubhav Bhowmick Begginer

    The Bhakti Movement, which emerged in medieval India between the 7th and 17th centuries, was a socio-religious reform movement emphasizing personal devotion (bhakti) to a chosen deity as the path to spiritual realization. It sought to democratize religion by advocating direct communion with the diviRead more

    The Bhakti Movement, which emerged in medieval India between the 7th and 17th centuries, was a socio-religious reform movement emphasizing personal devotion (bhakti) to a chosen deity as the path to spiritual realization. It sought to democratize religion by advocating direct communion with the divine, bypassing the intermediary role of priests and elaborate rituals. This movement cut across caste and class boundaries, attracting followers from all strata of society, including women and those traditionally marginalized.

    One of the significant contributions of the Bhakti Movement to Indian culture was its role in fostering religious tolerance and unity. By emphasizing the universal love for God and de-emphasizing doctrinal differences, it promoted harmony among different religious communities. This inclusivity helped in integrating diverse cultural elements into a shared spiritual ethos.

    Furthermore, the Bhakti Movement enriched Indian literature and music. Bhakti poets composed devotional verses in vernacular languages accessible to the common people, thereby democratizing access to religious texts. This literature not only preserved spiritual teachings but also celebrated the human experience, emotions, and moral values.

    In essence, the Bhakti Movement transcended mere religious reform; it influenced Indian culture profoundly by promoting spiritual egalitarianism, cultural synthesis, and the democratization of religious practices and literature. Its enduring legacy continues to resonate in contemporary Indian society, emphasizing the unity of all beings through love and devotion to the divine.

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Ameya Srivastava
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Ameya SrivastavaLearner
Asked: July 13, 2024In:
  • 1

US policy with Pakistan has frequently alternated between pressuring and offering incentives. What are India’s obstacles and points of agreement with Pakistan on US-Pakistan relations?

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Kartik Sharma
    Kartik Sharma Begginer

    The diplomatic relations between the USA and Pakistan goes back to 1947, the year which gained independence. These relations grew strong on account of cold war politics and USA desperation to have an ally in South Asia to counter Russain Influence. With Russia invading Afghanistan in 1979, PakistanRead more

    The diplomatic relations between the USA and Pakistan goes back to 1947, the year which gained independence. These relations grew strong on account of cold war politics and USA desperation to have an ally in South Asia to counter Russain Influence. With Russia invading Afghanistan in 1979, Pakistan became instrumental for the US, which pumped arms and money via Pakistan to train mujahideen. Ever Since the end of the Cold war, US relations with Pakistan has oscillated between incentivizing and pressurizing it through aid and arms

    Usa Oscillation Regarding Pakistan

    1. The contradictory policy is deeply rooted in the Washington-Islamabad relationship, going back to the earliest decades of Pakistani independence. 2
    2. US aid to Pakistan skyrocketed under Mohammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Zia al-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf, its three military rulers who suspended the democratic process and placed Pakistan under martial law for extended periods.
    3. This policy of aid saw a downward trend after the end of the cold war. In fact under the Clinton administration, the USA imposed costly economic sanctions on Pakistan for testing its nuclear weapons.
    4. However, the 9/11 attacks on the USA and its subsequent war on terror again made Pakistan important for America. Pakistan allowed NATO access to supply routes through the country and received considerable military and security assistance in return. President George W. Bush named Pakistan a major non-NATO ally in 2004.
    5. Relations again cooled down during the Obama administration as concerns grew about Pakistan’s safe havens for the Taliban and the presence of al-Qaeda in the country.
    6. US-Pakistan relations reached an all-time low under the Trump administration. USPakistan relations for the first two years of the administration was characterized by an almost singular focus on U.S. concerns about Pakistani safe havens for the Haqqani Network.
    7. The administration said it would make economic ties contingent on Pakistan taking action against militant and terrorist groups. Things soured further in January 2018, when Trump accused Pakistan of “lies and deceit” in its relationship with America. The administration cut off $1.3 billion in U.S. security assistance following Trump’s tweet.
    8. However, things again changed when the US realized the centrality of Pakistan in the Afghan Peace process. The seeds for a reset had been sown, Pakistan considers the U.S.- Taliban deal signed in February a product of its help, and Zalmay Khalilzad special envoy of the US to the peace process has publicly acknowledged Pakistan’s help with the process numerous times.

    Challenges And Areas Of Convergence For India

    After the cold war India relations with the US improved considerably, however lack of a definitive stance on part of the US regarding Pakistan has been a constant source of friction between India and the USA.

    Challenges

    1. India is earnestly attempting to isolate Pakistan over its support for terrorist groups operating from its soil. However, this policy will not succeed as long as the US supports India in this regard.
    2. The Trump administration’s volta face with regard to Pakistan is frustrating Indian efforts. For example, on his recent visit to India in 2020 Trump described the USA’s relation with Pakistan as “a very good one”.
    3. Another major challenge for India is Pakistan’s potentially increased role in Afghanistan once the USA leaves. This would leave the U.S. overly dependent on Pakistan to shape Afghan politics in the future. This increased role is coming at the cost of India.
    4. In December 2019, the U.S. decided to resume a military training programme for Pakistan, which has been a central pillar of the U.S.-Pakistan military cooperation for years. President Trump suspended the $2-billion programme in 2018 to force Pakistan to crack down on terrorist groups.
    5. In the most recent example of the U.S.’s soft policy towards Pakistan, Washington and its allies raised no adverse remark on Pakistan in the review meeting of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
    6. Another issue is president Trump offering to mediate between India and Pakistan on the issue of Kashmir. In doing so Trump practically endorsed the Pakistani position that Kashmir is an international issue, as opposed to India’s view that it is a bilateral issue.

    Convergence

    1. The points of convergence included a tough stance on terrorism emanating from Pakistan. The Trump administration turned a blind eye to India striking terrorist training camps inside Pakistan twice in 2016 and 2019.
    2. The USA has joined India in underlining the “urgent need for Pakistan to take immediate, sustained, and irreversible action to ensure that no territory under its control is used for terrorist attacks”.
    3. The USA also is lending its support to India, by demanding Pakistan to expeditiously bring to justice the perpetrators of the 26/11 Mumbai Attack and Pathankot Attack.
    4. Despite Pakistan’s intentions, the US wants India to be part of the Afghan peace process. Pakistan has been concerned about India’s participation in the intra-Afghan talks at Doha but Delhi went ahead with its presence amid support from the US and the Afghan government.
    5. The freeze in security assistance to Pakistan in 2018, was followed by a reduction in financial aid in 2019. This is in line with India demand that the US cut aid to Pakistan, as New-Delhi believes that this aid money is used to fund terror activities in Kashmir.
    6. Following India’s raising the issue of Pakistan’s misuse of US jet fighters in an aerial raid against India, the US has put in place end-user monitoring of all fighter jets sold to Pakistan to prevent any misuse.

    Pakistan’s utility to the USA, given the pivotal role Pakistan is playing in the Afghan peace process, and it’s good links with the Taliban is undeniable. At the same time, the growing close relations between India and USA has ensured that much of India’s concerns with regard to the US’s Pakistan policy is addressed. Moving forward it is imperative that India must work closely with the US on areas of convergence with regard to Pakistan, especially on terrorism and related issues to ensure that Pakistan takes strict action against terror based on its soil.

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Sonali B
  • 1
Sonali BBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
  • 1

Consider how the long-standing Indo-Palestinian friendship might be threatened by Israel and India’s growing connections.

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Jitendra Singh
    Jitendra Singh Begginer

    India, for a very long time, had called for the 2-state solution that supports the establishment of a sovereign independent state of Palestine. India has since long been maintaining that the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved through negotiation resulting in a sovereign, independent, viablRead more

    India, for a very long time, had called for the 2-state solution that supports the establishment of a sovereign independent state of Palestine. India has since long been maintaining that the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved through negotiation resulting in a sovereign, independent, viable and united State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital. However, the recent close ties with Israel have India, for a very long time, had called for the 2-state solution that supports the establishment of a sovereign independent state of Palestine. India has since long been maintaining that the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved through negotiation resulting in a sovereign, independent, viable and united State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital. However, the recent close ties with Israel have appeared to have diluted India’s stance on the Palestine issue.

    Strengthening Indo Israel Relations

    1. Since establishing diplomatic relations in 1992, there has been an upswing in the relations between the two countries in view of the common concerns about religious extremism and global terrorism.
    2. The political ties have become especially cordial under the Modi Government. In 2017, Prime Minister Modi became the first-ever Indian Prime Minister to visit Israel.
    3. During this visit, the diplomatic relationship was upgraded to a strategic level, and seven agreements/MoUs were signed in the areas of R&D, innovation, water, agriculture, and space. Defence and agriculture have become the two main pillars of bilateral engagement.
    4. In 2018, the Israeli Prime Minister visited India, during which Government to Government (G2G) agreement on cybersecurity, oil and gas cooperation, film cooperation, and air transport were signed, along with five other semi-government agreements.
    5. An increase in the high-level exchanges in recent times has expanded cooperation in areas like trade, agriculture, science and technology and security.

    How Strengthening Of Indo-Israel Ties Affected Indo-Palestine Relations

    1. For two-and-a-half decades from 1992, the India-Israel relationship continued to grow, mostly through defence deals, and in sectors such as agriculture. But India never acknowledged the relationship fully.
    2. It was during NDA-2 that the government under PM Modi decided to take full ownership of the relationship with Israel.
    3. In 2014, India favoured a UN resolution to establish a Commission to investigate a violation of an international humanitarian and human rights law during Operation Protective Edge conducted by Israel in the Gaza strip.
    4. However, the Indian Government did not pass a resolution in the parliament condemning the Israeli action, contrary to the earlier practices.
    5. At the UN Human Rights Commission (UNHRC), India abstained on the resolution that welcomed the report of the same Commission of Inquiry, making it the first time India had refused to vote against Israel at the UN.
    6. Though the Indian government clarified that this does not mean that there is a change in India’s traditional support for the separate state of Palestine, it is evident that India is distancing itself from advocating for the Palestinian cause.
    7. Until 2017, in various statements, with its expression of support for a two-state solution, India had always included a line in support of East Jerusalem as the capital of a Palestinian state which was missing in PM Modi’s statement during PLO chief Mahmoud Abbas visit to India in 2017.
    8. In February 2018, Modi became the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Israel but not Ramallah. The signal was that India had “de-hyphenated” the Israel-Palestine relationship, and would deal with each separately.

    India’s Balancing Act With Palestine

    1. Meanwhile, India continues to improve ties with Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia and the UAE, and feels vindicated by the decision of some Arab states to improve ties with Israel.
    2. It voted for Palestine to become a full member of UNESCO in 2011, and a year later, cosponsored the UNGA resolution that enabled Palestine to become a “non-member” observer state at the UN without voting rights.
    3. Even as it abstained at UNESCO in December 2017, India voted in favour of a resolution in the UNGA opposing Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the Israeli capital.
    4. Despite growing Indo-Israel ties, New Delhi remained firmly on the side of the PLO, which was seen as ready for a political solution and had accepted the two-state solution.
    5. In the current context of violence, India in its official statement appears to implicitly hold Israel responsible for triggering the current cycle of violence by locating its beginnings in East Jerusalem rather than from Gaza.

    There has been much debate in recent times about whether India has changed its pro-Arab historical stance on the Israel-Palestine conflict. India’s close diplomatic relationship with Israel is vital for India’s national interest. Despite the criticism of India abandoning the Palestinians, at the current juncture, it is necessary to undertake a balancing in the highly unstable West Asia so that there is room for change when the need arises.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 20, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Objective: Briefly introduce the topic, emphasizing the significance of India-Israel relations. Key Points to Mention: Establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992. Evolution of the relationship into a multidimensional partnership. Mention the recent de-hyphenation of Israel and Palestine policies. A. Defense and ...

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India-Israel relations exemplify realism in foreign policy. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992, the partnership has rapidly expanded, covering diverse areas such as defense, homeland security, agriculture, water management, and education. A significant turniRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India-Israel relations exemplify realism in foreign policy. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992, the partnership has rapidly expanded, covering diverse areas such as defense, homeland security, agriculture, water management, and education. A significant turning point in this relationship is the recent de-hyphenation of Israel and Palestine policies, allowing India to engage more freely with Israel.

    Defense and Security Cooperation

    The foundation of India-Israel relations is built on robust defense and security collaboration. This partnership has been particularly crucial in counter-terrorism, intelligence sharing, and military training. For instance, in 2017, India signed a significant $2 billion deal with Israel for advanced missile defense systems, enhancing India’s capacity to address cross-border threats.

    Agricultural Cooperation

    Agricultural collaboration stands out as another pillar of this partnership. India has integrated several Israeli agricultural technologies, notably drip irrigation, to boost productivity. The Indo-Israel Agriculture Project in Haryana exemplifies this cooperation, where farmers have seen increased crop yields and improved incomes through the adoption of innovative practices.

    Economic Cooperation

    Economic ties between India and Israel have also deepened, with both nations ranking among each other’s top trading partners. The launch of a joint innovation fund in 2020 highlights their commitment to fostering start-ups and promoting investment, signaling a growing economic synergy.

    Cultural Exchanges

    Cultural exchanges have flourished, further strengthening the bilateral relationship. Indian films filmed in Israel and performances by Israeli artists in India have fostered people-to-people connections, enriching cultural ties.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, India’s relations with Israel have indeed acquired a depth and diversity that cannot be rolled back. The strategic partnership has evolved into a multidimensional relationship grounded in mutual interests and shared values, positioning both countries for future collaboration.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Purpose: Introduce the context of India-Pakistan relations, highlighting the impact of terrorist activities and mutual distrust. Thesis Statement: State that soft power tools, particularly sports and cultural exchanges, can play a significant role in generating goodwill between the ...

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India-Pakistan relations have long been marred by mutual distrust and terrorist activities, complicating efforts to establish a peaceful and cooperative relationship. However, the use of soft power tools, particularly sports and cultural exchanges, can play a crucial role iRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India-Pakistan relations have long been marred by mutual distrust and terrorist activities, complicating efforts to establish a peaceful and cooperative relationship. However, the use of soft power tools, particularly sports and cultural exchanges, can play a crucial role in promoting goodwill and fostering greater understanding between the two nations.

    Body

    Sports Diplomacy

    Sports diplomacy has been a significant avenue for engagement, with cricket serving as a unifying force. Matches between India and Pakistan attract massive audiences, generating enthusiasm and interest on both sides. For instance, the 2011 Cricket World Cup semi-final, which saw India defeat Pakistan, was a moment of shared excitement that transcended political tensions, showcasing the potential of sports to foster goodwill.

    Cultural Exchanges

    Cultural exchanges, including music festivals, film festivals, and art exhibitions, can bridge cultural divides and create a shared sense of identity. Initiatives like the Rekhta Festival, which celebrates Urdu literature and poetry, have been instrumental in fostering cultural ties and mutual appreciation between the two countries. Such events help in creating a narrative of shared heritage, which can counteract the prevailing narratives of conflict.

    People-to-People Contacts

    Facilitating people-to-people contacts through educational and exchange programs can enhance understanding and empathy among citizens. Programs like the Kartarpur Corridor, which allows Indian Sikhs to visit a significant religious site in Pakistan, exemplify how such initiatives can promote goodwill and cooperation, even amidst political tensions.

    Positive Examples

    The “Aman Ki Asha” initiative, launched in 2010, aimed to promote cultural exchanges and people-to-people contacts. This initiative included various cultural events and exchange programs, highlighting the potential of soft power in improving bilateral ties and fostering a spirit of friendship.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, sports and cultural exchanges can significantly improve India-Pakistan relations by promoting mutual understanding and goodwill. Successful examples like cricket diplomacy and the Kartarpur Corridor underscore the potential of these soft power initiatives to build trust, enhance cooperation, and contribute to peace and stability in the region.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 20, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Contextual Background: Briefly introduce the historical context of India-U.S. relations and the significance of India being designated as a major defense partner in 2016. Thesis Statement: State that friction in the ties arises from the U.S. inability to ...

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The designation of India as a major defense partner by the United States in 2016 marked a significant milestone in bilateral relations. However, recent U.S. policies have clashed with India's national self-esteem and ambitions, creating friction. A key reason for this tensiRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The designation of India as a major defense partner by the United States in 2016 marked a significant milestone in bilateral relations. However, recent U.S. policies have clashed with India’s national self-esteem and ambitions, creating friction. A key reason for this tension is the lack of a clear role for India within U.S. global strategy.

    Body

    1. West Asia Policy

    The U.S. adopts an adversarial approach towards Iran, aligning closely with Israel and Saudi Arabia. In contrast, India seeks a strong, united, and peaceful Iran due to its strategic interests, including oil imports and the Chabahar port project, which enhances connectivity through the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC). The U.S. stance undermines India’s efforts to engage Iran, creating a conflict of interests.

    2. Afghanistan Policy

    The U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan poses significant challenges for India. India has invested heavily in Afghanistan’s development to foster stability. However, the power vacuum created by the U.S. exit raises security concerns for India, particularly with Pakistan’s proximity to the Taliban. Any peace deal legitimizing the Taliban could jeopardize India’s interests and investments in the region.

    3. Russia Policy

    Historically, India has maintained strong strategic ties with Russia, which remains a key defense partner. The U.S. views Russia as an adversary and has imposed sanctions under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). This creates friction, especially concerning India’s procurement of the S-400 missile system, which the U.S. opposes.

    4. Trade Relations

    As a developing nation, India aims to lift millions out of poverty, making trade relations with the U.S. crucial. While the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) has benefited India, accusations from the U.S. of India not fully opening its market lead to tariffs on Indian exports. Additionally, U.S. policies aimed at countering China’s growth can inadvertently affect India’s economic ambitions.

    Conclusion

    While the U.S. sees India as a potential counterbalance to China, India must assert its own strategic interests to align with U.S. goals. Navigating these complexities requires India to engage in strategic hedging with major powers, recognizing that in international relations, interests are paramount. India’s diplomatic efforts are essential for fostering a more coherent and mutually beneficial partnership with the U.S.

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Reena Bhatt
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Reena BhattBegginer
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Contextual Background: Briefly introduce India and Japan as major Asian powers with historical ties. Thesis Statement: Assert that the current geopolitical climate necessitates a robust contemporary relationship between India and Japan, which could significantly impact Asia and the ...

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India and Japan, two significant Asian powers, are increasingly strengthening their bilateral ties, marking a pivotal moment for both nations. A robust contemporary relationship between them can lead to a strategic partnership that holds considerable significance for Asia aRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India and Japan, two significant Asian powers, are increasingly strengthening their bilateral ties, marking a pivotal moment for both nations. A robust contemporary relationship between them can lead to a strategic partnership that holds considerable significance for Asia and the global landscape.

    India and Japan’s Impact on Asia and the World

    1. Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Region

    India and Japan have been collaborating to promote peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. Both nations share a commitment to democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, making their partnership a cornerstone for regional stability. Their cooperation extends to regional security, trade, investment, and infrastructure development, which is crucial for shaping the geopolitical landscape of Asia.

    Additionally, India and Japan are actively building partnerships with countries like the United States and Australia to advocate for a free and open Indo-Pacific. This trilateral cooperation enhances security and economic ties, fostering a collaborative environment in the region.

    2. Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC)

    The Asia-Africa Growth Corridor aims to connect Asia and Africa through a network of infrastructure, focusing on people-centered growth and sustainable development. By leveraging their strengths, India and Japan seek to drive economic and social development in Africa, positioning the AAGC as a counterbalance to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which has faced scrutiny over debt sustainability and transparency.

    The AAGC has identified key sectors for collaboration, including agriculture, health, education, renewable energy, and tourism, with both countries committing $200 million to finance projects under this initiative. This endeavor is crucial for enhancing economic ties and promoting regional integration.

    Conclusion

    A strong strategic partnership between India and Japan can yield significant economic, political, and security benefits for both nations and the broader region. By working together, they can contribute to maintaining peace and stability in Asia and beyond, marking a new chapter in their historical relationship.

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On: March 8, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (8 March 2025)

Examine the key issues that obstruct the development of port infrastructure in India and outline the recent measures taken by the government to address these challenges. (Answer in 200 words) भारत में बंदरगाह अवसंरचना के विकास में आने वाली विभिन्न ...

On: March 7, 2025 Comments: 0

मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष का प्रबंधन

प्रधानमंत्री की घोषणा: मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष प्रबंधन के लिए एक समर्पित केंद्र की स्थापना। चुनौतियाँ: जनसंख्या वृद्धि और संसाधनों की प्रतिस्पर्धा। वन्यजीव संरक्षण का महत्व पारिस्थितिक संतुलन और जलवायु अनुकूलन: वन्यजीव पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र को बनाए रखने और जलवायु पैटर्न को विनियमित ...

On: March 7, 2025 Comments: 0

Safeguarding Wildlife, Securing Harmony”

Context: Based on the editorial “Living with animals – the challenges and the solution” published in The Indian Express. Announcement: PM announced a center for managing human-wildlife conflict. (Press Information Bureau (PIB) release or official government announcement.) Importance of Wildlife ...

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