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"Though the great Cholas are no more yet their name is still remembered with great pride because of their highest achievements in the domain of art and architecture." Comment. (Answer in 250 words) [UPSC 2024]
Model Answer Introduction The Chola dynasty, which thrived from the 9th to the 13th century CE, is celebrated for its monumental contributions to art and architecture, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire pride and admiration today. Contributions to Art The Cholas perfected the art of bronze cRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The Chola dynasty, which thrived from the 9th to the 13th century CE, is celebrated for its monumental contributions to art and architecture, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire pride and admiration today.
Contributions to Art
The Cholas perfected the art of bronze casting, producing exquisite sculptures that are renowned worldwide. Notable among these is the Nataraja sculpture, which represents Shiva in a dynamic cosmic dance, celebrated for its intricate depiction of motion and balance. Their artisans were skilled at creating realistic human figures, as exemplified by the bronze figure of Sambandar, showcasing both physical beauty and emotional depth.
Chola art was deeply rooted in religious themes, often portraying complex symbolism. The Ardhanarishvara sculptures, depicting Shiva as both male and female, symbolize the unity of opposites. Furthermore, their advanced metal craftsmanship allowed for detailed representations of deities, as seen in the bronze figurines of Parvati and Vishnu, highlighting the artisans’ meticulous attention to intricate details.
Contributions to Architecture
In architecture, the Cholas are credited with perfecting the Dravidian temple style, characterized by towering vimanas and grand gopurams. The Brihadeshwara Temple in Thanjavur stands as a monumental achievement, showcasing advanced engineering with its massive granite monolith of Nandi, weighing over 20 tons. The Cholas also innovated by integrating water management systems, such as pushkarinis (temple tanks) for ritual purification.
Their architectural influence extended beyond India, impacting regions in Southeast Asia, as seen in the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, which exhibit Chola architectural features. The Chola style laid the groundwork for subsequent dynasties, particularly the Vijayanagara Empire, which adopted and expanded upon their innovations.
Conclusion
Though the great Cholas are no more, their contributions to art and architecture remain a source of pride, symbolizing the zenith of Dravidian artistry. Their legacy is immortalized in the intricate sculptures and grand temples that continue to inspire awe and admiration, reflecting the artistic brilliance of medieval South India.
See lessWhat role did the arts and architecture of the Vijayanagar Empire play in defining its cultural and historical significance? (200 words)
Model Answer Introduction The Vijayanagar Empire (1336–1565 CE), centered around its capital Hampi on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in Karnataka, South India, was a pinnacle of architectural and artistic excellence. Through temples, palaces, urban planning, literature, and cultural integration,Read more
Model Answer
Introduction
The Vijayanagar Empire (1336–1565 CE), centered around its capital Hampi on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in Karnataka, South India, was a pinnacle of architectural and artistic excellence. Through temples, palaces, urban planning, literature, and cultural integration, the empire made enduring contributions to India’s cultural and historical legacy.
1. Temple Architecture
2. Monuments and Palaces
3. Urban Planning and Infrastructure
4. Sculptures and Iconography
5. Literature and Poetry
6. Music and Dance
7. Cultural Integration
Conclusion
The Vijayanagar Empire’s artistic achievements, from monumental temples and sculptures to vibrant literature and music, enriched South Indian culture and history. Its legacy, exemplified by the ruins of Hampi, continues to captivate and inspire, underscoring its timeless contribution to India’s heritage.
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