Climate change poses significant threats to food security in tropical countries. Rising temperatures can lead to reduced crop yields as heat stress impacts plant growth and reduces productivity. Changes in rainfall patterns, including increased frequency of droughts and floods, disrupt agriculture by affecting water availability and damaging crops. Tropical regions are also experiencing shifts in pest and disease patterns, which further threaten crop production.

Sea-level rise due to climate change endangers coastal agricultural lands through saltwater intrusion, affecting rice and other staple crops. Additionally, extreme weather events like cyclones and hurricanes can devastate infrastructure, disrupting food supply chains and market access. These effects compound existing vulnerabilities in tropical countries, where many communities rely heavily on agriculture for livelihood. Consequently, climate change exacerbates food insecurity, leading to increased hunger and poverty, and poses challenges to maintaining stable food supplies in these regions.