Measurement of Poverty in India and Steps to Overcome Rural Poverty

**1. Measurement of Poverty:

• Poverty Line: Poverty in India is primarily measured by the poverty line, which is defined based on income and consumption. The Tendulkar Committee (2009) and Rangarajan Committee (2014) have provided updated poverty lines. These lines are used to assess whether individuals or households fall below a certain income threshold, indicating poverty.
• NSSO Surveys: The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) conducts periodic surveys to collect data on household consumption and income, which helps in measuring poverty levels.

**2. Steps to Overcome Rural Poverty:

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Provides guaranteed employment of 100 days per year to rural households, enhancing income security.
• Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin): Aims to provide affordable housing to the rural poor, improving living conditions.
• Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM): Focuses on enhancing self-employment and income through formation of self-help groups (SHGs).

Conclusion: India measures poverty through income-based thresholds and national surveys. Efforts to alleviate rural poverty include employment guarantees, housing schemes, and self-employment programs.