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Critically examine the jurisdiction of international Court of Justice. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2018]
Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice (ICJ) **1. Contentious Jurisdiction: The ICJ settles disputes between sovereign states. This jurisdiction is voluntary, meaning states must consent to the Court's authority. For example, the 2019 verdict in the maritime boundary dispute between MauritiuRead more
Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice (ICJ)
**1. Contentious Jurisdiction: The ICJ settles disputes between sovereign states. This jurisdiction is voluntary, meaning states must consent to the Court’s authority. For example, the 2019 verdict in the maritime boundary dispute between Mauritius and the Maldives was based on mutual consent.
**2. Advisory Jurisdiction: The ICJ provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred by the UN or its specialized agencies. The 2019 advisory opinion on the legality of the Kosovo declaration of independence was sought by the UN General Assembly.
**3. Limitations:
Conclusion: While the ICJ plays a crucial role in resolving state disputes and offering legal advice, its effectiveness is constrained by its reliance on state consent and lack of enforcement authority.
See lessEvaluate the role of World Bank in sustainable development of India. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2022]
Role of the World Bank in Sustainable Development of India Financial Assistance: The World Bank provides significant financial resources for various development projects in India. Through its International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA)Read more
Role of the World Bank in Sustainable Development of India
Financial Assistance: The World Bank provides significant financial resources for various development projects in India. Through its International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) arms, it funds critical infrastructure, healthcare, and education projects. For example, the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), which aims to improve rural road connectivity, has received substantial funding from the World Bank.
Technical Expertise and Policy Advice: The World Bank offers technical expertise and policy advice to help India address developmental challenges. It supports initiatives in sectors such as water management, climate change, and renewable energy. The National Hydrology Project, aimed at improving water resource management and data collection, is a notable example of its technical support.
Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening: The World Bank helps build institutional capacity and strengthen governance frameworks in India. It provides support for implementing sustainable practices and improving institutional efficiency. For instance, the National Clean Energy Fund has been bolstered by World Bank guidance, enhancing India’s capacity to develop and deploy clean energy technologies.
Promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The World Bank aligns its projects with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on poverty alleviation, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. Projects like the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) are supported to improve livelihoods and ensure inclusive development.
Conclusion: The World Bank’s role in India’s sustainable development is multifaceted, encompassing financial support, technical assistance, capacity building, and alignment with global development goals. Its contributions are pivotal in advancing India’s infrastructure, governance, and sustainability objectives.
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