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Home/uppsc: constitutional bodies

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
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What issues does the Election Commission as an organization currently face? Mention a solution for them as well. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

uppsc: constitutional bodies
  1. Dev Oberoi
    Dev Oberoi Begginer

    Problems Faced by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and Solutions 1. Challenges in Voter Data Management: Problem: Voter data inaccuracies and duplicate entries create issues with electoral rolls. Instances of phantom voters and incorrect address details affect the integrity of elections. SolutRead more

    Problems Faced by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and Solutions

    1. Challenges in Voter Data Management:

    • Problem: Voter data inaccuracies and duplicate entries create issues with electoral rolls. Instances of phantom voters and incorrect address details affect the integrity of elections.
    • Solution: Implement advanced data verification systems and conduct regular audits of electoral rolls. Use biometric verification to reduce errors.

    2. Electoral Violence and Intimidation:

    • Problem: Violence and intimidation during elections in states like West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh undermine the electoral process and safety of voters.
    • Solution: Strengthen law enforcement and rapid response teams. Implement strict monitoring and ensure punitive actions against those involved in electoral violence.

    3. Influence of Money and Muscle Power:

    • Problem: The use of money and muscle power to sway elections, especially in high-stakes constituencies, affects fairness and transparency.
    • Solution: Enforce stricter campaign finance laws and transparency requirements. Increase monitoring of campaign expenditures and disbursements.

    4. Technological Challenges:

    • Problem: Issues with Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPATs) raise concerns about technology reliability.
    • Solution: Regularly test and calibrate EVMs and VVPATs. Enhance technological security and audit trails to ensure machine reliability.

    5. Recent Example:

    • The 2024 Delhi elections saw challenges related to EVM tampering allegations and voter registration errors, highlighting the need for enhanced technological and procedural safeguards.

    Conclusion:
    The Election Commission faces issues related to voter data management, electoral violence, money and muscle power, and technological reliability. Addressing these through improved data systems, enforcement mechanisms, campaign finance reforms, and technology audits is crucial for maintaining electoral integrity and fairness.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 28, 2024In:
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Analyze the Comptroller and Auditor General of India’s Constitutional Position. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2018]

uppsc: constitutional bodies
  1. Aadhav Sharma
    Aadhav Sharma Enthusiast

    Constitutional Position of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India 1. Appointment and Tenure: The CAG is appointed by the President of India under Article 148 of the Constitution, and serves a fixed tenure until the age of 65. For example, Girish Chandra Murmu, appointed in 2020, is a recRead more

    Constitutional Position of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India

    1. Appointment and Tenure: The CAG is appointed by the President of India under Article 148 of the Constitution, and serves a fixed tenure until the age of 65. For example, Girish Chandra Murmu, appointed in 2020, is a recent CAG.

    2. Independence: The CAG operates with independence to ensure impartiality in auditing government accounts. Removal requires a process similar to that for Supreme Court judges, ensuring security of tenure.

    3. Powers and Functions: The CAG audits the accounts of the Union and State Governments, including public sector enterprises. The office’s reports are tabled in Parliament and state legislatures. For instance, the CAG’s 2021 report on the COVID-19 vaccination procurement highlighted discrepancies and led to discussions on policy improvements.

    Conclusion: The CAG’s constitutional position ensures it operates independently, with substantial powers to audit and report on government finances, thereby contributing to transparency and accountability in public administration.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 16, 2024In:
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Analyze the Finance Commission’s function in the financial ties between the Center and the State. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]

uppsc: constitutional bodies
  1. Sohail Khan
    Sohail Khan Learner

    Role of Finance Commission in Centre-State Financial Relations **1. Distribution of Taxes: The Finance Commission (FC) recommends the distribution of central taxes between the Centre and States. For example, the 15th Finance Commission (2020-2025) recommended a 41% share for states from central taxRead more

    Role of Finance Commission in Centre-State Financial Relations

    **1. Distribution of Taxes:

    • The Finance Commission (FC) recommends the distribution of central taxes between the Centre and States. For example, the 15th Finance Commission (2020-2025) recommended a 41% share for states from central tax revenues, promoting equitable distribution.

    **2. Grants-in-Aid:

    • The FC advises on grants-in-aid to states based on their needs. The 15th Finance Commission allocated specific grants for health and education, addressing regional disparities.

    **3. Fiscal Responsibility:

    • It monitors fiscal responsibility and advises on measures to improve state finances. Recent recommendations include measures for fiscal consolidation and debt management.

    **4. Challenges and Criticisms:

    • The FC’s recommendations may face criticism for inadequately addressing regional imbalances or failing to consider emergent needs, such as those highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    **5. Impact of Recommendations:

    • The FC’s recommendations influence budget allocations and fiscal policies, impacting Centre-State financial relations. For instance, the recent recommendations have sparked debates on their adequacy in addressing the challenges faced by states.
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
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What roles does the Finance Commission play? Examine how Fiscal Rederalism is using it now. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

uppsc: constitutional bodies
  1. Dev Oberoi
    Dev Oberoi Begginer

    Functions of the Finance Commission and Its Emerging Role in Fiscal Federalism 1. Functions of the Finance Commission: Distribution of Resources: The Finance Commission is responsible for recommending the distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and the States, ensuring a fair allocation of rRead more

    Functions of the Finance Commission and Its Emerging Role in Fiscal Federalism

    1. Functions of the Finance Commission:

    • Distribution of Resources: The Finance Commission is responsible for recommending the distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and the States, ensuring a fair allocation of resources. For instance, the 15th Finance Commission recommended a 41% share of central taxes to states for the period 2021-26.
    • Grants and Assistance: It determines the grants-in-aid for states in need, helping to address fiscal imbalances. This includes special grants for larger states or those with specific needs, such as the Northeastern states.
    • Fiscal Management Recommendations: The Commission advises on fiscal management and debt management policies. It suggests measures to improve state fiscal health and reduce disparities.

    2. Emerging Role in Fiscal Federalism:

    • Strengthening Federal Structure: The Finance Commission plays a crucial role in strengthening fiscal federalism by ensuring a fair and balanced distribution of resources, which is vital for state autonomy and effective governance.
    • Recent Example: The 15th Finance Commission emphasized performance-based incentives for states, such as rewarding states that implement tax reforms and improve tax collection efficiency. This approach aims to promote fiscal responsibility and efficiency.
    • Addressing Emerging Challenges: With growing regional disparities and increased expenditure needs, the Finance Commission’s recommendations on equitable resource distribution and special assistance help states manage economic and social challenges, ensuring a more inclusive development.

    Conclusion:
    The Finance Commission’s functions are essential in resource distribution, grant allocation, and fiscal management. Its evolving role in fiscal federalism addresses regional disparities and promotes fiscal responsibility, crucial for maintaining a balanced Centre-State fiscal relationship and inclusive growth.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Analyze the function of India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) in managing public funds. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2021]

uppsc: constitutional bodies
  1. Zara Mukherjee
    Zara Mukherjee Enthusiast

    Role of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) in India as the Custodian of Public Money 1. Audit and Financial Reporting (Audit and Financial Reporting): Responsibility: The CAG is responsible for auditing the accounts of the central and state governments, ensuring that public funds are utilizedRead more

    Role of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) in India as the Custodian of Public Money

    1. Audit and Financial Reporting (Audit and Financial Reporting):

    • Responsibility: The CAG is responsible for auditing the accounts of the central and state governments, ensuring that public funds are utilized efficiently and transparently.
    • Example: In 2023, the CAG’s audit report on the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana revealed discrepancies in fund utilization, leading to corrective actions by the government.

    2. Ensuring Accountability (Ensuring Accountability):

    • Accountability Mechanism: By examining and reporting on government expenditures and revenues, the CAG ensures that public money is spent according to the law and for intended purposes.
    • Example: The CAG’s report on COVID-19 expenditure in 2022 highlighted lapses in procurement and distribution, prompting an overhaul of procurement practices.

    3. Public Interest Protection (Public Interest Protection):

    • Advocacy for Public Interests: The CAG plays a crucial role in protecting public interest by exposing financial irregularities and inefficiencies, which can lead to policy and administrative reforms.
    • Example: The 2017 CAG report on the Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway project uncovered financial mismanagement and led to the renegotiation of contracts to safeguard public interests.

    4. Reporting and Recommendations (Reporting and Recommendations):

    • Recommendations: The CAG provides recommendations based on audit findings that help in improving governance and financial management practices.
    • Example: The CAG’s 2021 report on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) suggested improvements in fund allocation and utilization, influencing subsequent policy adjustments.

    5. Independence and Integrity (Independence and Integrity):

    • Autonomous Role: The CAG operates independently of the executive branch, which ensures unbiased audits and reports, crucial for maintaining the integrity of public financial management.
    • Example: Recent disputes over CAG audits of defense procurement have emphasized the importance of maintaining the CAG’s independence to ensure transparent reporting.

    Conclusion: The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) serves as a vital guardian of public funds in India. Through its role in auditing, ensuring accountability, protecting public interests, and providing recommendations, the CAG contributes significantly to the transparency and efficiency of public financial management. Despite challenges, the CAG’s work remains crucial for upholding financial discipline and integrity in government operations.

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