India’s diverse soil types profoundly influence agricultural practices and crop yields across regions.

Alluvial soils, found in the Gangetic plains and river deltas, are highly fertile and support crops like rice, wheat, and sugarcane. Their good water retention facilitates high-yield farming.

Black soils (Regur soils) in Maharashtra and Gujarat are clay-rich and retain moisture well, making them ideal for cotton and other crops like sorghum and soybeans. Proper irrigation and nutrient management enhance their productivity.

Red soils prevalent in southern and eastern India, have lower fertility due to reduced organic content. These soils are suited for groundnuts, millet, and pulses, often requiring additional fertilisation and soil enhancement.

Desert soils in Rajasthan and Gujarat are sandy with low moisture retention, limiting their fertility. They are typically used for drought-resistant crops like millet and pulses, with irrigation playing a crucial role.

Laterite soils, found in Kerala and Karnataka, are rich in iron but low in nutrients. They support crops like tea, coffee, and rubber with appropriate soil management practices.

Peaty and marshy soils in coastal and low-lying areas are rich in organic matter but can be waterlogged. They are suited for rice and other high-moisture crops.

Tailored agricultural practices for each soil type help optimise crop yields and ensure sustainable farming.