The author of the book “Hitopadesha” is Vishnu Sharma, an ancient Indian scholar and storyteller. Written in Sanskrit, “Hitopadesha” is a collection of fables and moral tales aimed primarily at children. The stories are designed to impart wisdom and practical knowledge through engaging narratives featuring animals and human characters. The work serves as an educational tool, teaching ethical lessons and life skills. It has been influential in Indian literature and has inspired various adaptations over the centuries. The tales often reflect the principles of dharma (righteousness) and practical wisdom, making it a significant text in Indian cultural heritage.

Telecommunication services in Madhya Pradesh began in the early 1980s. The introduction of basic telephone services marked the start of a significant transformation in communication within the state. Initially, the services were limited and primarily available in urban areas. However, with the advent of new technologies and the liberalization of the telecommunications sector in the 1990s, the reach of telecommunication services expanded rapidly. Mobile services were introduced later, leading to widespread connectivity across both urban and rural regions. Today, Madhya Pradesh enjoys a robust telecommunication infrastructure, facilitating communication, business, and access to information for its residents.

Cooperative banks in India typically offer loans to all-women self-help groups (SHGs) at a competitive interest rate, which usually ranges between 7% to 10%. This rate may vary based on the specific bank, the state, and the financial conditions of the SHG. The government also provides incentives and subsidies to promote women’s empowerment and entrepreneurship through these groups. The aim is to facilitate access to credit for women, enabling them to start or expand their businesses and improve their socio-economic status. This support plays a crucial role in fostering financial independence and self-sufficiency among women in rural and urban areas.

The term ‘Panchayati Raj’ refers to the system of local self-government in rural areas of India. Established under the 73rd Amendment of the Indian Constitution in 1992, it aims to decentralize power and enhance grassroots democracy. The Panchayati Raj system consists of three tiers: the Gram Panchayat (village level), the Panchayat Samiti (block level), and the Zila Parishad (district level). Each tier has elected representatives responsible for local administration, development, and implementing government schemes. This system empowers communities to participate in decision-making processes, ensuring that the needs and interests of rural populations are addressed effectively and sustainably.