The interrelationship between authority and responsibility is fundamental in any organization. Authority refers to the legitimate power granted to individuals to make decisions and take action, while responsibility is the obligation to complete tasks and be accountable for the outcomes. When authority is assigned to a person, it inherently comes with responsibility; the individual is expected to use their power to achieve specific objectives effectively. This relationship ensures that leaders are accountable for their decisions and actions. If authority is misused or not accompanied by responsibility, it can lead to mismanagement and a lack of accountability, ultimately harming the organization’s integrity and effectiveness.

Public administration as a field of study focuses on several fundamental concerns. These include the formulation and implementation of government policies, ensuring the quality and efficiency of public services, and maintaining transparency and accountability in administrative processes. A key goal is to promote social justice and equality within society. The study also examines the planning, management, and evaluation of government programs to assess their effectiveness. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of citizen participation in governance and seeks to enhance the responsiveness of public institutions. Overall, public administration aims to strengthen democracy and improve the overall functioning of government for the benefit of society.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar envisioned social democracy as a system that transcends mere political rights to encompass social equality and justice. For him, true democracy must ensure that all citizens, regardless of caste, creed, or economic status, have equal opportunities and rights. Ambedkar critiqued the deeply entrenched caste system in India and argued that political democracy without social equality would be meaningless. He advocated for the upliftment of marginalized communities and emphasized the importance of education and economic empowerment. Thus, his concept of social democracy aimed at creating an inclusive society where everyone could participate fully and benefit from democratic governance.

Kautilya’s Arthashastra explores various aspects of politics and statecraft, emphasizing the importance of strategic governance. It outlines the principles of statecraft, including the establishment and maintenance of power, the significance of diplomacy, and the role of espionage. Kautilya discusses the qualities of an ideal ruler, the need for effective administration, and the importance of economic management for state stability. The text also addresses issues of warfare, alliances, and conflict resolution. Furthermore, Kautilya emphasizes the integration of ethics in politics, arguing that a ruler must balance moral principles with practical considerations to ensure the prosperity and security of the state.