Major Economic Steps Taken by India for Globalization

1. Liberalization of Trade

• Reduced import tariffs and allowed foreign goods, boosting international trade.

2. Encouraging Foreign Investment

• Opened key sectors like telecommunications and insurance to attract global investments.

3. Privatization of Public Sector

• Transferred ownership of some state-run industries to private hands, improving efficiency and attracting foreign partnerships.

These steps helped India integrate into the global economy and attract foreign capital.

Important Components of the Infrastructural Sector

Infrastructure is essential for a functioning society. Here are its key components:

1. Transportation

• Roads: Highways and streets for vehicles.
• Railways: Trains for passenger and freight transport.
• Airports: Facilities for air travel.

2. Utilities

• Water Supply: Systems for providing clean water.
• Electricity: Grids for power distribution.
• Sewage: Treatment systems for waste management.

3. Telecommunications

• Internet: Broadband access for connectivity.
• Telephones: Systems for communication.

4. Public Services

• Hospitals: Healthcare facilities for communities.
• Schools: Educational institutions for learning.

These components work together to support daily life and economic activities.

Advantages of Ujjwala Yojana

The Ujjwala Yojana provides several benefits to families below the poverty line (BPL).

Key Benefits

• Health Improvement: Switching from firewood to LPG reduces indoor air pollution, decreasing health risks like respiratory diseases.
  Example: Cooking with LPG is safer than burning wood, which is like smoking 400 cigarettes an hour.
• Time-Saving: LPG cooking is faster, allowing women to spend less time in the kitchen.
• Economic Support: The government offers cash assistance for connections and subsidies on refills, making cooking gas affordable.
• Empowerment: Women gain independence as they manage household cooking needs.

With over 10 crore beneficiaries, Ujjwala Yojana is transforming lives across India.

What is Food Security?

Food security means that everyone has enough safe and nutritious food to eat at all times. This ensures people can live healthy lives.

Key Points

• Physical Availability: Food must be produced and available in stores.
• Access to Food: People need enough money to buy food.
• Food Utilization: Food should be prepared well to keep nutrients.
• Stability: Access should not change due to crises like natural disasters or economic issues.

Illustration

Imagine a family that can buy fresh vegetables daily. They eat well and stay healthy. If they suddenly lose their job, they might struggle to afford food, showing the importance of stable access.