Effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change impacts:

*Short-Term Strategies (2025-2050)*

1. Transition to Renewable Energy (solar, wind, hydro)
2. Energy Efficiency (buildings, industry, transportation)
3. Electrify Transportation (EVs)
4. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
5. Methane Reduction (landfills, agriculture)
6. Sustainable Land Use (afforestation, reforestation)
7. Climate-Smart Agriculture

*Long-Term Strategies (2050-2100)*

1. Advanced Nuclear Power
2. Hydrogen Fuel Cells
3. Carbon Mineralization
4. Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS)
5. Ocean Fertilization
6. Urban Planning and Design
7. Climate-Resilient Infrastructure

*Sector-Specific Strategies*

1. Industry: Carbon pricing, green manufacturing
2. Transportation: Electric vehicles, hyperloop
3. Agriculture: Regenerative agriculture, vertical farming
4. Buildings: Green buildings, passive design
5. Waste Management: Circular economy, waste-to-energy

*Global Cooperation and Governance*

1. Paris Agreement implementation
2. International carbon pricing
3. Climate finance and investment
4. Global climate governance
5. Climate education and awareness

*Adaptation and Resilience*

1. Climate-resilient infrastructure
2. Early warning systems
3. Climate-smart water management
4. Ecosystem-based adaptation
5. Climate migration planning

Implementing these strategies requires:

1. Policy and regulatory frameworks
2. Technological innovation
3. Financial investment
4. Public awareness and education
5. International cooperation

*Key Targets*

1. Reduce GHG emissions by 45% by 2030
2. Achieve net-zero emissions by 2050
3. Limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels

*Sources*

1. IPCC Reports
2. UNFCCC
3. IEA
4. World Bank
5. National and international climate policies