The BNS, BNSS and BSA combined are seeking to reform criminal justice system of India and cover a modern criminal Justice System of India for victimized person. ### Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 1. **Enhanced Victim Rights**: BNS make provisions for the participation and protection of the victims inRead more
The BNS, BNSS and BSA combined are seeking to reform criminal justice system of India and cover a modern criminal Justice System of India for victimized person.
### Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)
1. **Enhanced Victim Rights**: BNS make provisions for the participation and protection of the victims in the justice systems especially in acts of enhancement of the rights given to the victims.
2. **Compensation and Support**: Employers should pay much attention to early compensation and psychosocial care especially for victims in the grievous offenses.
### Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)
1. **Witness Protection**: BNSS poses a lot of importance in the protection of the witnesses necessary in the protection of the victims willing to testify.
2. **Victim Assistance**: Setting up of programs that would help the victims through offering them a legal representation or counseling.
### Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)
1. **Simplified Evidence Procedures**: BSA is keen to lessen the various processes that are used in offering proofs, the more with a view of diminishing the agony that victims undergo while in trials.
2. **Victim Testimonies**: Safeguards of the Victim’s Testimonies so that the ordeal the Victims undertake while undergoing the judicial process is minimized.
### Impact
1. **Victim Empowerment**: These reforms taken as a whole all protect and assert the rights of the victims and guarantee that their input will be heard in their case.
2. **Speedy Justice**: Efficiency of procedures and improvement in the protection mechanisms are meant to advance trials and bring justice to the victims.
3. **Holistic Support**: Financial, legal, and psychological assistance to the victims also increase humane treatment of the offenders.
In general, numeration of laws with an emphasis on the protection of victims indicates the governments’ willingness to build a more sensitive and effective justice system
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The Doctrine of Frustration concerns the legal relationship that because of occurrence of some events beyond reasonable contemplation it becomes impossible to perform and therefore the parties are discharged of the performance of the contract. Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act,1872 enshrines thiRead more
The Doctrine of Frustration concerns the legal relationship that because of occurrence of some events beyond reasonable contemplation it becomes impossible to perform and therefore the parties are discharged of the performance of the contract. Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act,1872 enshrines this principle to the effect of saying that ‘every contract to do an impossible act is void’. The contract becomes frustrated when there is an event that has the affect of making the purpose of the contract impossible, unlawful or totally unexpected by both the parties to the contract.
The most famous of these are the Indian case Of Satyabrata Ghose v. Mugneeram Bangur & Co. (1954). In this case, the role of Supreme court referred to the decision making under the rule of frustration that Say the contract becomes frustrated where there is a condition that went to the root of the contract and made its performance impossible. In the case, it is shown that the building land contract was interrupted due to the governmental orders during the Second World War. That is why the Courts ruled that due to the war related restriction the parties were unable to perform their obligations under the contract and thus, the contract was frustrated.
Disaffection cannot be recorded where the issue of the challenge in performance is temporal or where the event was anticipated. It is also not allowed where the contract has provided for how particular incidences should be handled in as much as they are contingencies.
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