Human Resource & Human Capital

India’s female labour force participation rate is around 37%, meaning 37 women per 100 women of working age are employed or seeking employment. This rate varies across states, urban/rural areas and age groups. Education, marriage and childcare responsibilities significantly influence women’s workforce participation in India.

Challenges faced by women in the workforce – 

1. Limited job opportunities hinder female labor force participation as scarce employment openings, industry segregation and gender biases restrict women’s access to stable well paying jobs.
2. Social norms restrict female labor force participation as patriarchal expectations prioritize domestic roles, childcare and family responsibilities over women’s career aspirations and economic independence.
3. Safety concerns deter female labor force participation, as harassment, violence and inadequate workplace protections fuel fears, limiting women’s mobility and career choices, especially at night.
4. Education and childcare responsibilities hinder female labor force participation as women often prioritize family obligations, lack access to affordable childcare and balance caregiving with career aspirations.

Potential Solutions – 

1. Focus on labor intensive sectors like textiles, healthcare and education creates job opportunities for women, boosting participation and economic empowerment.
2. Public investment in safe transportation and infrastructure enables women’s workforce participation, reducing mobility barriers and enhancing personal security nationwide.
3. Recognizing unpaid care work as economic activity values women’s contributions, providing monetary compensation, benefits and social security, promoting workforce equality.
4. Increased access to education and affordable childcare enables women to pursue careers, balancing family responsibilities with economic empowerment opportunities.

Female labour force participation boosts economic growth, reduces poverty and promotes gender equality. Working women contribute to household income, gain financial independence and inspire future generations of empowered females.