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How many types of earth resources satellite are there? Describe briefly.
Earth resource satellites are supposed to monitor and collect data on the natural resources, environment, and human activity of Earth. These are taken into different types considering the nature of data collected and the technology used. These types include: Optical Satellites Purpose: They record iRead more
Earth resource satellites are supposed to monitor and collect data on the natural resources, environment, and human activity of Earth. These are taken into different types considering the nature of data collected and the technology used. These types include:
Purpose: They record images of the Earth’s surface using visible and infrared light.
Usage: Used mainly for vegetation monitoring, urban planning, agriculture, and land-use studies.
Examples: Landsat series, Sentinel-2.
Function: It uses radar signals to map the Earth’s surface; it can look through clouds and functions under all weather conditions even at night.
Usage: Terrain mapping, monitoring deforestation, land subsidence, movements of ice sheets, and locating oil spills.
Examples: Sentinel-1, RADARSAT.
Function: The satellites can capture the wide spectrum of light and spread it over hundreds of narrow bands, so they can detect the chemical composition and specific material.
Usage: It is used for mineral exploration, agricultural analysis, discovery of pollution, and water quality monitoring.
Examples: EO-1 Hyperion, PRISMA.
Function: They can measure the thermal (infrared) radiation emitted by objects on Earth by sensing surface temperatures.
Usage: It is used for monitoring wildfires, urban heat islands, volcanic activities, and changes in ocean temperature.
Examples: Landsat 8’s TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor), ASTER.
Function: Surface height of Earth distance, with a special focus on oceans, using radar or laser altimetry.
Applications: Sea level rise studies, oceanic circulation, ice sheet height monitoring, among others, and elevation changes over land.
Examples: Jason series CryoSat
All types of satellites yield rather different kinds of measurements and are often complemented with one another to achieve a more detailed understanding of Earth’s resources and environment.
See lessGive the names of Lander and Rover of Chandrayaan-3.
Names of Lander and Rover of Chandrayaan-3 **1. Introduction to Chandrayaan-3: Chandrayaan-3: Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It aims to further India's exploration of the Moon and build upon the achievements of ChandraRead more
Names of Lander and Rover of Chandrayaan-3
**1. Introduction to Chandrayaan-3:
**2. Lander and Rover Names:
**3. Recent Examples and Context:
**4. Conclusion:
- Result: The names of the lander and rover of Chandrayaan-3 are “Vikram” and “Pragyan”, respectively. This mission represents a significant step in India’s lunar exploration efforts, aiming to achieve a successful soft landing and advance scientific understanding of the Moon.
See lessGive a detailed account of the Indian Space Research Organisation.
Introduction The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is a premier space agency established by the Government of India to advance space technology and use its applications for national development. Founded on August 15, 1969, ISRO has significantly contributed to space science and technology, pRead more
Introduction
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is a premier space agency established by the Government of India to advance space technology and use its applications for national development. Founded on August 15, 1969, ISRO has significantly contributed to space science and technology, providing a broad spectrum of services from satellite communication to space exploration.
1. Historical Background and Establishment
2. Major Achievements and Missions
3. Key Programs and Projects
4. Technological Innovations
5. International Collaborations and Impact
6. Challenges and Future Directions
Conclusion
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has made remarkable progress since its inception, achieving significant milestones in satellite technology, space exploration, and international cooperation. With its continued focus on innovation and development, ISRO is poised to play a pivotal role in advancing global space science and technology, while addressing the challenges and opportunities of the space age.
See lessWhat is the true nature of dark matter and dark energy?
Dark matter and energy are two of the biggest mysteries in the universe. Dark matter is like an invisible glue holding galaxies together. We can't see it directly because it doesn't emit, absorb, or reflect light. However, we know it's there because of its gravitational effects. When we observe galaRead more
Dark matter and energy are two of the biggest mysteries in the universe.
Dark matter is like an invisible glue holding galaxies together. We can’t see it directly because it doesn’t emit, absorb, or reflect light. However, we know it’s there because of its gravitational effects. When we observe galaxies, they spin faster than expected based on the visible matter. This suggests there’s something extra, something we can’t see, adding to their mass—this is dark matter. It makes up about 27% of the universe.
On the other hand, dark energy is an even more puzzling force. It’s not matter at all, but rather a kind of energy that seems to be pushing the universe apart, making it expand faster and faster. Discovered in the 1990s, dark energy accounts for about 68% of the universe. This discovery was shocking because it suggests that the universe isn’t just expanding, but it’s doing so at an accelerating pace.
Together, dark matter and dark energy make up 95% of the universe, yet we still know very little about them. their true nature remains one of the most profound questions in modern physics. Scientists are continuously searching for answers through experiments and observations.
See lessWhy is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient features of Indian Government’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of its application in the development process of the country. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Nanotechnology: A Key Technology of the 21st Century 1. Importance and Significance: Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale, typically between 1 and 100 nanometers. This precision enables the creation of materials and devices with unique properties thatRead more
Nanotechnology: A Key Technology of the 21st Century
1. Importance and Significance: Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale, typically between 1 and 100 nanometers. This precision enables the creation of materials and devices with unique properties that are not present at larger scales. The key technologies of the 21st century, nanotechnology is pivotal due to its potential to revolutionize various fields, including medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental sustainability. For instance, nanomedicine can enhance drug delivery systems, improving efficacy and reducing side effects. In electronics, nanotechnology facilitates the development of smaller, more efficient components, crucial for advancing computing power.
2. Indian Government’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology: India’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology, initiated by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), focuses on advancing research and applications in nanoscience. Key features include:
3. Scope in Development Process: Nanotechnology’s applications in India are vast and transformative:
By integrating nanotechnology into these sectors, India can address key development challenges and boost its economic growth.
See lessDiscuss India’s achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development? (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
India's Achievements in Space Science and Technology 1. Major Achievements: Satellite Launches: India has developed a robust space program through the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Significant achievements include the successful launch of Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, which aimed to explore thRead more
India’s Achievements in Space Science and Technology
1. Major Achievements:
2. Socio-Economic Impact:
Conclusion:
India’s advancements in space science and technology have not only positioned it as a global leader in space exploration but also have had a profound impact on its socio-economic development. Through improved agricultural practices, disaster management, and enhanced communication systems, space technology continues to drive progress and development in India.
See lessIndia has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbitter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space missions. What are the main obstacles to launching a manned space mission, both in terms of technology and logistics? Examine critically. (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
Obstacles to Launching Manned Space Missions in India **1. Technological Challenges: **1. Development of Life-Support Systems: Complex Requirements: Manned missions demand advanced life-support systems to sustain astronauts in space. India’s unmanned missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan have demRead more
Obstacles to Launching Manned Space Missions in India
**1. Technological Challenges:
**1. Development of Life-Support Systems:
**2. Spacecraft Design and Testing:
**2. Logistical Challenges:
**1. Financial Constraints:
**2. Infrastructure Development:
**3. International Collaboration:
Recent Example:
Critical Examination:
- Despite remarkable successes in unmanned missions, India faces substantial technological and logistical barriers in manned space missions. Addressing these through investment, infrastructure development, and international collaboration is crucial for future success.
See lessWhat is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme? (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
India's Plan for Its Own Space Station and Its Benefits 1. Space Station Project Overview: Mission Statement: India’s space agency, ISRO, has announced plans to develop its own space station, known as the Indian Space Station (ISS). The project is expected to commence in the late 2020s and is envisiRead more
India’s Plan for Its Own Space Station and Its Benefits
1. Space Station Project Overview:
2. Benefits to India’s Space Program:
3. International Collaboration:
Through these advancements, India’s space station will significantly bolster its space capabilities, contribute to scientific research, and establish India as a major player in space exploration.
See lessLaunched on 25th December, 2021, James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor Space Telescopes? What are the key goals of this mission? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race? (250 words) [UPSC 2022]
James Webb Space Telescope: Features, Goals, and Benefits **1. Unique Features of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): Advanced Infrared Capabilities: JWST is designed primarily for infrared astronomy, which allows it to see through dust clouds and observe the formation of stars and planetary systems.Read more
James Webb Space Telescope: Features, Goals, and Benefits
**1. Unique Features of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST):
**2. Key Goals of the JWST Mission:
**3. Potential Benefits for Humanity:
Recent Examples:
Conclusion: The James Webb Space Telescope represents a significant leap forward in space observatories, offering advanced capabilities that surpass its predecessors. Its mission promises to unlock new knowledge about the universe’s origins, enhance technological innovation, and inspire future generations in the field of space exploration.
See lessWhat is the main task of India’s third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota. (250 words) [UPSC 2023]
India's Third Moon Mission: Main Task and Achievements Main Task of India's Third Moon Mission: India's third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3, primarily aims to achieve a successful soft landing on the lunar surface, specifically targeting the Moon's south pole region. This task was not accomplished inRead more
India’s Third Moon Mission: Main Task and Achievements
Main Task of India’s Third Moon Mission:
India’s third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3, primarily aims to achieve a successful soft landing on the lunar surface, specifically targeting the Moon’s south pole region. This task was not accomplished in the earlier Chandrayaan-2 mission due to a crash-landing during the descent phase. Chandrayaan-3 focuses on ensuring a stable and controlled landing, which involves advanced precision in navigation and landing technologies.
Countries That Have Achieved Soft Landing on the Moon:
Subsystems in the Chandrayaan-3 Spacecraft:
Role of the Virtual Launch Control Centre:
The Virtual Launch Control Centre (VLCC) at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) played a crucial role in the successful launch of Chandrayaan-3 from Sriharikota. Its key functions included:
In summary, Chandrayaan-3’s main task was to achieve a successful soft landing on the Moon’s south pole, a goal unmet by its predecessor. Countries that have accomplished this task include the United States, Soviet Union, and China. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft features advanced subsystems for landing and exploration, with the VLCC at VSSC providing essential support through real-time monitoring and coordination during the launch.
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