Geomagnetic stroms:

Geomagnetic storms are disturbances in Earth’s magnetosphere caused by solar activity, particularly solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun. These storms occur when these solar events release charged particles (plasma) into space, known as the solar wind. When the solar wind interacts with Earth’s magnetic field, it can create fluctuations and disturbances during geomagnetic storms can enhance auroral activity at high latitudes, producing colorful displays known as the Northern and Southern Lights

Impact of geomagnetic stroms on technology and infrastructure on Earth:

1. Power Grids: Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can flow through power lines, transformers, and pipelines, potentially causing equipment damage and leading to power grid instability. This can result in widespread blackouts and require extensive repairs.

2. Satellite Operations: Geomagnetic storms can disrupt satellite operations by causing increased atmospheric drag and radiation exposure. This can affect satellite orbits, communication systems, and navigation services such as GPS, leading to errors in positioning and timing.

3. Communication Systems: High-frequency (HF) radio communications are particularly vulnerable to geomagnetic disturbances. Ionospheric changes during storms can disrupt radio signals, affecting aviation, maritime, and military communications.

4. Navigation Systems: GPS systems rely on precise timing signals from satellites. Geomagnetic storms can introduce errors in these signals, impacting navigation accuracy for both civilian and military applications.

5. Pipeline and Cable Infrastructure: GICs induced during geomagnetic storms can lead to corrosion in pipelines and underground cables, posing maintenance challenges and safety risks.