For simplicity and brevity, this discussion will label the Indus Valley Civilization as the Harappan Civilization though other naming systems are available because it was a civilization in northwest South Asia between 3300 – 1300 BCE. It was among the first large-scale civilizations, and there are gRead more
For simplicity and brevity, this discussion will label the Indus Valley Civilization as the Harappan Civilization though other naming systems are available because it was a civilization in northwest South Asia between 3300 – 1300 BCE. It was among the first large-scale civilizations, and there are good reasons to consider Egypt and Mesopotamia to be part of the same category.
Characteristic features of the Harappan Civilization:
-Urban Planning: The Harappans laid the foundations, for being the first urban civilization to have well planned cities. The Mohenjo-daro and Harappa cities displayed street plans that were as grids; these city had also well developed drainage systems, bigger structures that were public.
Image of Mohenjo-daro ruins
Trade and Commerce: The Harappans were good traders and artisans They knew the art of bartering and reciprocal trading. Earlier they had extensive trading relations with Mesopotamia and with other regions. Organization Their weights and measures had been put into some order in order to do the trade conveniently.
Advanced Technologies: The Harappans were skilled civilisers and possessed good technology according to the standards of early civilisation. They erected more developed ways of irrigation, construction through preparation of bricks and metal working.
Art and Culture: Their delightful pottery, jewelry, and seals are characteristic of the Harappan civilization. Both were characterized by geometrical patterns, and stylized motifs of some animals were typical for them.
Mysterious Script: The Harappans had a script, which was, however, yet to be deciphered, which makes it even more challenging to understand the culture of the people who lived here.
It is thought that the Harappan Civilization suffered decline sometime around 1900 BC. Maybe it was as a result of climatic changes, or other environmental related factors and other such like factors. This influence remains unyielding to this date and remains an area of interest to other archaeologists and historians.
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THE FOLLOWING ARE THE ACHIEVEMENTS THAT VALUE EDUCATION: 1. Expansion in Literacy Levels In the year 1951 the literacy level in India was as low as 18%. To what advanced 2023 it has about to 77.7%. It has evolved for the better for women. It has led to promotion of gender equality across the educatiRead more
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE ACHIEVEMENTS THAT VALUE EDUCATION:
1. Expansion in Literacy Levels
In the year 1951 the literacy level in India was as low as 18%. To what advanced 2023 it has about to 77.7%.
It has evolved for the better for women. It has led to promotion of gender equality across the educational levels.
2. Meaningful Universal access meaning primary education.
The RTE, 2009 also declared right to education for age group of 6-14 years children as fundamental right.
Public led schemes such as sarva shiksha abhiyan and the schemes like the mid day meal have made it possible to have school enrollment with dropouts reduced.
3. Widening Higher Education
India is the third largest country on the planet and a higher education supplier after the USA and China.
Sturdy higher education has been preserved by building institutions such as, the IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, and NLUs for National Law.
4. Digital education and the transition to the EdTech revolution.
Digital India marked its importance for online through various online learning platform like SWAYAM, DIKSHA, and ePathshala.
The lockdown ensured that, more Byju’s, Unacademy & Vedantu are implementing EdTech online course delivery platforms.
5. Focus on Skills
Skill India mission is for vocational training and provide youth employable skills.
National Education policy (NEP) 2020 is aimed at providing an education system that is balanced, digitalised and enables persons to develop skills and abilities.
Problem in Education
However, as with all these, there are still some drawbacks. These include:
See lessQuality of Education: In today’s world the quality should be consistent in the city and in remote villages and countryside.
Dropout Rates: Especially, in secondary education that can be explained by the presence of socioeconomic factors.
Teacher Training: Teacher quality and training program, specifically concerning developmental areas.
Digital Divide: How to facilitate access to technology/Internet in students of rural areas as being lag behind urban students.
NEP 2020 is one of the right directions for the India education system to transform for the 21st century.