Sign Up

Have an account?

Sign In

Don't have account,

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.


Have an account?

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask a question.

Need An Account,

Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.

Search
Ask A Question

Post-independence India

Share
Followers
44 Answers
295 Questions
Home/Post-independence India/Page 22

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Siddhant29
  • 0
Siddhant29Begginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In: ,
  • 0

What are the various Renewable Source of Energy in India? How much are they contributing to the total energy production in India per year?

energyindia
  1. Monk_Ankit
    Monk_Ankit Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    Renewable energies are those energies which do not vanish when used and continuously get replenished like Solar energy, Wind energy, geothermal and Tidal energy. Indian Geography, lying in tropical and subtropical regions surrounded by sea from three sides is blessed with plenty of resources. SolarRead more

    Renewable energies are those energies which do not vanish when used and continuously get replenished like Solar energy, Wind energy, geothermal and Tidal energy.

    Indian Geography, lying in tropical and subtropical regions surrounded by sea from three sides is blessed with plenty of resources.

    • Solar energy: — Annually Indian cities get an average of 2300 hours of sunshine with max in Gujarat and Rajasthan having around 3000 hours of sunshine.
    • Hydroelectric energy: — India has many perennial and rainfed rivers which power hydroelectric power plants.
    • Wind energy: — India ranks 4th in installed wind power capacity. With a vast expanse, India’s geography supports the harnessing of wind energy. Most wind farms are located onshore in the southern and western parts of India.
    • Tidal energy: – India has a high potential for harnessing tidal energy, the Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat and the Gangetic Delta in the Bay of Bengal are tidal ranges with strong tides.
    • Geothermal Energy: — Most of the geothermal energy sources in India are in the Himalayan ranges like Tapovan in Uttarakhand and Puga Valley in Ladakh.
    • 40% of total energy is produced by renewable energy sources in India.

    India has abundant sources and the potential to harness renewable energy resources, there is much scope for R&D and infra push in this sector. world struggling with climate change, clean energy from renewable sources of energy is the need of hour.

     

     

    See less
Abdul Azeem Shaikh
  • 0
Abdul Azeem ShaikhBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In: , ,
  • 0

To what extent did the Green Revolution in India not only increase agricultural productivity but also reshape rural economies and societal structures?

  1. Pragati Jagarwal
    Pragati Jagarwal Begginer

    The Green Revolution in India undoubtedly boosted agricultural production, but its impact on rural economies and societal structures was a double-edged sword. Here's a breakdown: Positive Reshaping: Increased Food Security: Production of wheat and rice soared, making India self-sufficient in food grRead more

    The Green Revolution in India undoubtedly boosted agricultural production, but its impact on rural economies and societal structures was a double-edged sword. Here’s a breakdown:

    Positive Reshaping:

    • Increased Food Security: Production of wheat and rice soared, making India self-sufficient in food grains and even allowing for exports. This reduced dependence on food imports and improved national food security.
    • Rural Employment: The Green Revolution wasn’t just about seeds. It involved irrigation projects, improved infrastructure, and the development of allied industries like food processing and transportation. This created new job opportunities in rural areas. 
    • Income Rise for Some: Farmers who adopted the new technologies and had access to resources saw a rise in income, leading to a better standard of living for some rural families.
    • Commercialization of Agriculture: The Green Revolution introduced a more commercial approach to farming. This benefited some farmers who could invest in inputs and sell their produce for profit.

     

    Negative Reshaping :

    • Unequal Benefits: Large landholders with better access to resources like credit and irrigation benefited more from the Green Revolution. This widened the gap between rich and poor farmers.

    • Debt Burden: The high cost of fertilizers, pesticides, and HYV seeds pushed some farmers into debt, leading to land loss and poverty.

    • Environmental Impact: The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides had negative consequences for soil health and water quality.

    • Social Disruption: The shift to commercial farming led to a decline in traditional farming practices and a loss of biodiversity. This also disrupted traditional social structures in some rural areas.

    • Conclusion :

      The Green Revolution undeniably transformed rural India. While it brought increased food security and economic opportunities for some, it also created new inequalities and environmental challenges. The long-term impact on societal structures remains a topic of debate.

    See less
Ravi Chopra
  • 3
Ravi ChopraBegginer
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
  • 3

Examine the events that resulted in the declaration of emergency in 1975 and talk about the ramifications.

upsc: polity since independence
  1. KHUSHI GOEL
    KHUSHI GOEL Begginer

    The government of India,under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi , declare a national emergency in 1975. The government uses Article 352 of Indian constitution, declaring a threat of internal security. The following were the reasons given by the government: 1) Economic Crisis:  Indo-PakRead more

    The government of India,under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi , declare a national emergency in 1975. The government uses Article 352 of Indian constitution, declaring a threat of internal security.
    The following were the reasons given by the government:

    1) Economic Crisis:  Indo-Pak war of 1971 put a heavy strain on India’s economy. US government also stopped all aid to India Post war. Also the rise in prices of oil and other commodities  caused hardship for economy.
    2) Student’s protest in Gujarat and Bihar: Due to rise in prices and unemployment, the students started an agitation against them. These protests were joined by opposition leaders.
    3) JP Movement and Railway strike: JP Narayan gave a call for total revolution in the social economic and political spheres, in order to establish, what he considered, true democracy. Alongside this, the workers of Railways started a nationwide strike under the leadership of George Fernandes.
    4) Judicial conflicts: Along with the ‘basic structure doctrine’ in Keshavananda Bharti Case, the tussle between judiciary and parliament began. Further, the tensions were ignited with the politically controversial appointment of Justice A.N. Ray as the chief Justice of India.
    5) The verdict of Allahabad High Court: The order came on an election petition filed by Raj Narain, who contested against Indira Gandhi in 1971. The judgement declared that she is no more an MP.

    The above mentioned reasons led to the promulgation of National Emergency in 1975.
    The impacts of this was:

    1. the strikes and Hartals were banned.
    2. the opposition leaders were put in jails.
    3. the government suspended Freedom of Press.
    4. the various Fundamental rights (including Article 14, 19, 21 & 22 ) were suspended.
    5. The government made extensive use of preventive detention.
    6. the government bought in many amendments to the constitution through 42nd and 43rd constitutional amendments.

    The 42nd CAA affected the constitution to the extent that it is called as ‘mini constitution’. During emergency, the election of 1976 were postponed to 1978 and as a result of emergency, Indira Gandhi lost the elections. The new government was formed by Janta Dal and various controversial amendments of 42nd and 43rd CAA were abrogated by 44th CAA.

     

     

    See less
Yash Patel
  • 1
Yash PatelBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In: , , , , ,
  • 1

  1. Bhargavi Saraf
    Bhargavi Saraf Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    Prime Minister Modi's decision to skip the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) meet in Kazakhstan can be seen as a strategic move reflecting the current state of India-China relations post the 2020 Eastern Ladakh issue. Firstly, the Eastern Ladakh standoff marked a significant deterioration in bRead more

    Prime Minister Modi’s decision to skip the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) meet in Kazakhstan can be seen as a strategic move reflecting the current state of India-China relations post the 2020 Eastern Ladakh issue.

    Firstly, the Eastern Ladakh standoff marked a significant deterioration in bilateral relations between India and China, characterized by border clashes and heightened military tensions. The aftermath saw both countries deploying troops in large numbers along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), leading to casualties and a deepening of mistrust.

    Secondly, by skipping the SCO summit, Modi may be signaling India’s stance on maintaining a cautious and assertive posture towards China. This move could be interpreted as a diplomatic signal that bilateral issues, particularly those concerning border security and territorial integrity, remain unresolved and require careful handling.

    Thirdly, India’s absence from the SCO summit could indicate a shift towards strengthening alliances and partnerships outside the SCO framework, possibly with countries sharing similar concerns regarding China’s assertiveness in the region.

    Overall, Modi’s decision reflects India’s evolving foreign policy strategy post the Eastern Ladakh conflict, emphasizing the importance of addressing bilateral issues firmly while recalibrating its regional and global engagements.

    See less
Urvi Nair
  • 1
Urvi NairBegginer
Asked: August 6, 2024In:
  • 1

Analyze the evolution of India’s science and technology policy framework, as well as its role in driving R&D.

upsc: science & technology since independence
  1. Dua Mohanti
    Dua Mohanti Begginer

    Evolution of India's Science and Technology Policy Framework: Early Years (1950s-1980s): Focus on Self-Reliance: The initial focus was on developing indigenous capabilities, particularly in areas like nuclear energy, space exploration, and defense technology. Government-Led Initiatives: The governmeRead more

    Evolution of India’s Science and Technology Policy Framework:

    Early Years (1950s-1980s):

    • Focus on Self-Reliance: The initial focus was on developing indigenous capabilities, particularly in areas like nuclear energy, space exploration, and defense technology.
    • Government-Led Initiatives: The government played a key role in promoting scientific research and development through institutions like the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

    Reforms and Liberalization (1990s-2000s):

    • Privatization and Public-Private Partnerships: The government introduced reforms to encourage private sector participation in research and development, leading to the establishment of institutions like the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).
    • Increased Funding: The government increased funding for scientific research, with a focus on interdisciplinary research and technology development.

    Recent Developments (2010s-present):

    • Vision 2020: The Indian Government launched the “Vision 2020” initiative, which aimed to position India as a global leader in science and technology by 2020.
    • Make in India: The “Make in India” initiative, launched in 2014, emphasized the importance of indigenous manufacturing and innovation in driving economic growth.
    • Startup India: The “Startup India” initiative, launched in 2016, aimed to promote entrepreneurship and innovation in the country.
    • Mission Innovation: India has been actively participating in the Mission Innovation initiative, which aims to accelerate global innovation in clean energy technologies.

    Recent Examples:

    • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): ISRO’s successful launch of Chandrayaan-1, its first lunar mission, in 2008 marked a significant milestone in India’s space exploration capabilities.
    • The Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER): The IISER is a network of institutions established to promote research excellence in basic sciences. The IISER has made significant contributions to various fields, including biology, chemistry, and physics.
    • The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR): The ICMR has been actively involved in research on COVID-19, with several institutions working on vaccine development and treatment strategies.
    See less
Vinay Sabharwal
  • 1
Vinay SabharwalLearner
Asked: August 6, 2024In:
  • 1

Analyze the reasons behind and effects of India and the US having a growing strategic alliance in the years following the Cold War.

upsc: foreign policy of independent india
  1. Kanhiya Lal
    Kanhiya Lal Begginer

    India's strategic partnership with the United States has grown significantly in the post-Cold War era, driven by various factors and having significant implications for both countries. Drivers: Shared values: India and the United States share common values such as democracy, pluralism, and individuaRead more

    India’s strategic partnership with the United States has grown significantly in the post-Cold War era, driven by various factors and having significant implications for both countries.

    Drivers:

    1. Shared values: India and the United States share common values such as democracy, pluralism, and individual freedom, which have created a strong foundation for their partnership.
    2. Economic interests: The two countries have significant economic interests, including trade and investment, which have driven their cooperation and engagement.
    3. Regional security concerns: India and the United States have shared concerns about regional security issues, including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and the rise of China.
    4. Global governance: Both countries have an interest in shaping global governance institutions, including the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the International Monetary Fund.
    5. Counter-terrorism: India’s concerns about terrorism and extremism have led to increased cooperation with the United States, particularly in areas such as intelligence sharing and counter-terrorism operations.

    Implications:

    1. Enhanced defense cooperation: India and the United States have strengthened their defense cooperation, including joint military exercises, technology transfers, and defense trade.
    2. Increased trade and investment: The two countries have increased their trade and investment ties, with India becoming one of the largest recipients of foreign investment from the United States.
    3. Enhanced counter-terrorism cooperation: India and the United States have strengthened their counter-terrorism cooperation, including intelligence sharing and joint operations against terrorist groups.
    4. Regional influence: India’s partnership with the United States has enhanced its regional influence, particularly in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
    5. Challenges to traditional relationships: India’s growing partnership with the United States has created challenges to traditional relationships with other countries, including Russia and China.

    Challenges:

    1. Balancing ties with other countries: India needs to balance its growing partnership with the United States with its traditional relationships with other countries, including Russia and China.
    2. Managing expectations: India needs to manage expectations about its relationship with the United States, particularly in areas such as defense and security cooperation.
    3. Addressing differences: India and the United States have differences on issues such as trade policy, climate change, and human rights, which need to be addressed through diplomacy and dialogue.
    4. Maintaining independence: India needs to maintain its independence and autonomy in its foreign policy decisions, while also engaging with the United States on a range of issues.
    See less
Achint Verma
  • 1
Achint VermaBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , , ,
  • 1

How do advancements in battery technology impact the adoption of electric vehicles?

  1. PranjaliParmar
    PranjaliParmar Begginer

    Advancements in battery technology significantly impact the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by addressing key challenges and enhancing the overall appeal of EVs. Here are the primary ways these advancements drive the adoption of electric vehicles: 1. Increased Range Impact: Extended Driving RangRead more

    Advancements in battery technology significantly impact the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by addressing key challenges and enhancing the overall appeal of EVs. Here are the primary ways these advancements drive the adoption of electric vehicles:

    1. Increased Range

    Impact:

    • Extended Driving Range: Improved battery capacity and energy density allow EVs to travel longer distances on a single charge, reducing range anxiety among consumers.
    • Consumer Confidence: A longer range makes EVs more practical for daily use and long trips, increasing consumer confidence and willingness to switch from traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.

    2. Faster Charging

    Impact:

    • Reduced Charging Time: Advances in fast-charging technology and improved battery chemistries can significantly reduce the time required to charge EVs.
    • Convenience: Faster charging makes EVs more convenient for users, comparable to the quick refueling times of ICE vehicles, thus enhancing their attractiveness.

    3. Cost Reduction

    Impact:

    • Lower Battery Costs: Technological advancements and economies of scale in battery production reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of batteries, making EVs more affordable.
    • Price Parity: As battery costs decrease, the overall cost of EVs approaches that of ICE vehicles, encouraging more consumers to consider EVs as a viable option.

    4. Improved Battery Lifespan

    Impact:

    • Longer Lifespan: Enhanced battery durability and improved lifecycle performance reduce the need for frequent replacements, lowering the total cost of ownership for EVs.
    • Resale Value: Longer-lasting batteries improve the resale value of EVs, making them a more attractive investment for consumers.

    5. Enhanced Safety

    Impact:

    • Safety Innovations: Advances in battery safety technologies, such as better thermal management systems and safer battery chemistries, reduce the risk of battery-related incidents.
    • Consumer Trust: Improved safety features build consumer trust and address safety concerns, making EVs more appealing.

    6. Environmental Benefits

    Impact:

    • Sustainable Materials: Innovations in battery materials, such as the use of less environmentally harmful elements and increased recyclability, reduce the environmental impact of battery production and disposal.
    • Eco-friendly Image: Enhanced sustainability of batteries aligns with the eco-friendly image of EVs, appealing to environmentally conscious consumers.

    7. Improved Performance

    Impact:

    • Better Performance: Advancements in battery technology contribute to better overall vehicle performance, including acceleration, handling, and efficiency.
    • Driving Experience: Improved performance enhances the driving experience, making EVs more competitive with ICE vehicles.

    8. Integration with Renewable Energy

    Impact:

    • Energy Storage: Advanced batteries can store excess renewable energy, allowing EVs to be charged with green energy, which reduces the carbon footprint of EV usage.
    • Grid Stability: EV batteries can be used in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications, contributing to grid stability and offering additional value to EV owners.

    9. Market Expansion

    Impact:

    • Diverse Applications: Advances in battery technology enable the development of a wider range of EV types, including trucks, buses, motorcycles, and even aircraft.
    • Broader Adoption: The availability of various EV models catering to different needs expands the market and accelerates adoption across different consumer segments.

    Challenges and Considerations

    While advancements in battery technology significantly boost the adoption of EVs, some challenges remain:

    • Infrastructure Development: The expansion of charging infrastructure must keep pace with the growing number of EVs.
    • Raw Material Supply: Ensuring a sustainable and ethical supply of raw materials for batteries, such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, is critical.
    • Recycling and Disposal: Developing efficient recycling processes for end-of-life batteries to mitigate environmental impact.

    After the energy industry, the transportation sector is the second-biggest emitter of greenhouse gases. Governments, industry associations, and researchers throughout the world see it as their prime objective to reduce the environmental consequences of the sector and address this problem. The past five years have witnessed a huge growth in the market for electric vehicles, which is largely driven by customer inclination towards zero-emission vehicles, especially electric scooters. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic impacting worldwide production of vehicles, overall sales volumes of EVs remained positive. As per Market and Markets, the market for all-electric vehicles is expected to increase from around $388.1 billion in 2023 to $951.9 billion by 2030 at a CAGR of 13.7%.

    Electric vehicles have been in the market for a while now. However, decreasing average costs coupled with a growing preference for eco-friendly alternatives has encouraged consumers’ affinity for them. Government mandates for EVs are driving up their efficiency, and as they get more and more capable of charging quickly, EVs will eventually become too appealing to ignore. The trend is also largely driven by global net-zero ambitions, where several countries intend to discontinue the sale of all new ICE vehicles in a few years. However, some issues remain with regard to electric scooters or cars; for instance, range anxiety, battery life, and sustainability.

    Significant Developments in EV Battery Technology
    The development of battery chemistry is one of the biggest advances in EV battery technology. To increase lithium-ion batteries’ lifetime, energy density, and efficiency, scientists and engineers are constantly adjusting their chemistry. Among the significant advancements are:

    Solid-State Batteries
    Solid-state batteries are set to revolutionize the front line of electric vehicle (EV) battery technology. Replacing wet and gelled ones with these solid materials provides for better safety, performance, and duration. For instance, solid-state batteries have higher energy densities than conventional ones, thus permitting more energy to be packed into the same volume. Established automakers, together with some startups and other pioneering.

    See less
Khushboo Morkar
  • 0
Khushboo MorkarBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In: ,
  • 0

  1. Dipshikha Anand
    Dipshikha Anand Learner

    Today's youth face a variety of stressors that impact their mental and emotional well-being. One significant source of stress is academic pressure. The intense competition for high grades, college admissions, and scholarships can lead to overwhelming anxiety. Additionally, the emphasis on extracurriRead more

    Today’s youth face a variety of stressors that impact their mental and emotional well-being. One significant source of stress is academic pressure. The intense competition for high grades, college admissions, and scholarships can lead to overwhelming anxiety. Additionally, the emphasis on extracurricular activities to build a robust college application adds to their burden. Social media is another major stressor. The constant comparison with peers, cyberbullying, and the pressure to maintain a perfect online image can erode self-esteem and increase anxiety. Another source of stress is family dynamics. Youth may experience stress from parental expectations, family conflicts, or financial instability. In some cases, navigating the complexities of divorced or blended families can add emotional strain. Mental health issues are increasingly prevalent, with anxiety and depression affecting many young people. The stigma around mental health can prevent them from seeking help, further compounding their stress. It is also observed that the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic has left many young people feeling isolated and uncertain about the future. Balancing these various pressures creates a challenging environment for today’s youth, often leading to chronic stress.

    See less
Load More Questions

Resources & Suggestions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Articles

On: April 18, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (18 April 2025)

Do you agree with the claim that indecision and risk aversion are prevalent issues in Indian bureaucracy? Support your answer with logical reasoning. (150 words) ऐसा कहा जाता है कि भारतीय नौकरशाही में अनिर्णय और जोखिम से बचने की प्रवृत्ति ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

Strengthening India’s Cyber Defence

Rising Threats Digital Era Challenges: 2024 marks a significant rise in digital threats, particularly from AI and cyberattacks. Key Issues: Disinformation campaigns. Cyber fraud affecting daily life. Current Major Cyber Threats Ransomware Rampage: Over 48,000 instances of WannaCry ransomware detected ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

भारत की साइबर सुरक्षा

बढ़ते खतरे कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI) और साइबर हमले: 2024 में AI और साइबर हमलों के खतरे में वृद्धि। महत्वपूर्ण अवसंरचना पर हमले: डिजिटल हमलों और दुष्प्रचार अभियानों की संभावना बढ़ी है। प्रमुख साइबर खतरें रैनसमवेयर का प्रकोप: 48,000 से अधिक ...

Explore Our Blog