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British Policies in India
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Military History
The strategy of Gilgit take over in 1935 was a geopolitical strategy for securing the northern borders of the British empire. -Russian Expansion: The principal threat perceived at the time was that of the Russian expansion in Central Asia. Britain viewed Gilgit as a buffer zone between them and RussRead more
The strategy of Gilgit take over in 1935 was a geopolitical strategy for securing the northern borders of the British empire.
-Russian Expansion: The principal threat perceived at the time was that of the Russian expansion in Central Asia. Britain viewed Gilgit as a buffer zone between them and Russian influence on their Indian possessions.
-Controlling the Area: The British aimed at controlling the mountainous area in Gilgit by establishing a foothold there, to prevent any possible incursion or rival influence being made on that territory.
-Protecting Routes of Trade: The region was important for connecting India with Central Asia through trade routes. The British sought control over the route so that their commercial interest could be maintained.
See lessHow is India addressing the issue of unemployment, especially among youth?
Goals of Reforms in Ease of Doing Business in India: India's Global Competitiveness Ranking: Improve India's ranking in the worldwide ease of doing business scales and make the nation more appealing for domestic and foreign investments. Boost Economic Growth: Promote economic growth and job generatiRead more
Goals of Reforms in Ease of Doing Business in India:
India’s Global Competitiveness Ranking: Improve India’s ranking in the worldwide ease of doing business scales and make the nation more appealing for domestic and foreign investments.
Boost Economic Growth: Promote economic growth and job generation through the provision of a more welcoming business surroundings.
Reduce Corruption: Reducing human interference in operations will also help to increase transparency.
One way to increase the administrative efficiency of government services for businesses is to make rules simpler, cut paperwork, and speed up endorsements.
Raise transparency in official designs and improve accountability among government employees to better society.
Promote Entrepreneurship: Support entrepreneurship by removing roadblocks for new firms to start and run a company.
Main accomplishments:
That depicts improvements in the business environment, and the World Bank’s Doing Business Index shows ranking have soared in recent years.
The companies devote more resource and time toward growth and innovation since they spend less on regulatory compliance. Another feature of the reform is more foreign direct investment coming into the economy.
Better Business Attitudes: Reforms have increased investment and business confidence inside the borders.
The government is increasingly digitizing services, therefore in several spheres more efficiency and transparency prevail.
Future direction and obstacles
Keeping Reforms Going: Keeping momentum in reforms and guaranteeing effective across all the states of executions.
Corruption, lack of knowledge, erratic reform implementation are a few grass root level problems still in the offing.
In the manufacturing, services, and agricultural sector, particular reforms would be needed to address their particular needs and difficulties.
Further changes include better access to financing, research and development assistance, and a welcome environment for beginning in India, helping to promote innovation and entrepreneurship.
Generally speaking, the Ease of Doing Business reform has positively affected the Indian economy. It does take consistent work, however, to keep solving the outstanding issues and improve upon the ground made to this point.
See lessAdministrative Reforms
The government started multiple reforms through its 'Ease of Doing Business' initiative to achieve its goals. 1. Improved Administrative Efficiency a. The regulations should simplify by decreasing the required number of business operation permits licenses and approvals. b. The services of governmentRead more
The government started multiple reforms through its ‘Ease of Doing Business’ initiative to achieve its goals.
1. Improved Administrative Efficiency
a. The regulations should simplify by decreasing the required number of business operation permits licenses and approvals.
b. The services of government agencies should move online to eliminate paperwork and remove human contact and promote transparent operations.
The management process speeds up the approval process for essential permits such as construction permits alongside environmental clearances.
Organizations should reduce compliance burden through procedural streamlining and inspecting businesses less often.
2. Encouragement of Investment
The government should develop a welcoming business environment for FDI to increase its attraction and support economic growth.
The process for domestic investment companies to operate should become simpler to stimulate domestic entrepreneurship opportunities enabling more employment creation.
India should work to improve its position in worldwide ease of doing business indexes and related international rankings.
Results:
The Doing Business Index of the World Bank will experience a significant upward shift which demonstrates how business reforms have positively impacted India.
The regulations now consume less business resources and time for compliance which enables organizations to focus on growth and innovation investment.
Better logistics together with improved infrastructure developed from increased investments in roads railways ports enhanced the doing business environment.
Challenges and Future Directions:
Preserving Reform Integrity remains a leading obstacle since effective reform implementation in all states and all sectors must be maintained.
-Ground level issues: Such as corruption and lack of information, inconsistent and partial implementation. Many things have evolved although most major issues persist without change.
-Innovations and entrepreneurial spirit: Many reforms are expected to promote an innovative and entrepreneurship-friendly environment to improve access to finance, finance research and development, and give a favorable place to start-up businesses.
See lessE- Governance
The DBT scheme which launched by the Government of India during 2013 functions to decrease payment leakages through its removal of intermediaries while providing efficient bank-based disbursement of subsidies and welfare benefits to beneficiaries. The implementation of this scheme has produced imporRead more
The DBT scheme which launched by the Government of India during 2013 functions to decrease payment leakages through its removal of intermediaries while providing efficient bank-based disbursement of subsidies and welfare benefits to beneficiaries. The implementation of this scheme has produced important improvements regarding subsidy distribution transparency as well as increased accountability and enhanced operational efficiency.
1. Reduction in Leakages and Corruption
The DBT system eliminated siphoning and ghost beneficiary cases by making transfers bank-account linked through Aadhaar authentication. PM-KISAN and PAHAL LPG and PM-KISAN schemes together with PAHAL LPG program now make direct cash transfers that deliver funds directly to targeted beneficiaries.
2. Efficiencies and Financial Inclusion
Through DBT technology the government provides prompt payments in MGNREGA and PM Jan Dhan Yojana and National Scholarship Portal programs. Years after implementation DBT enabled the Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile trinity system which granted banking access to millions of people.
3. Fiscal Saving and Better Targeting
The federal government has achieved ₹2.73 lakh crore (2022 data) in fiscal savings through DBT that removed ineligible recipients and duplicate beneficiaries. Through enhanced identifying methods government programs now distribute benefits to appropriate individuals without waste of resources.
Problems and The Way Forward
The system continues to experience technological problems together with Aadhaar disqualification and digital interface issues while requiring stronger programs to address user complaints across the network.
DBT has brought revolutionary changes to subsidy distribution by reducing leakage and enhancing operational efficiency while universal access needs additional improvements for smooth use.
See lessImpact of British in Post- Independence India
With far reaching and long term effects on the deindustrialization of the subcontinent, this has been the working role of British economic policies in India. Major Policies Leading to Deindustrialization Bias Toward British Commodities: -British manufactured commodities were supported by Free TradeRead more
With far reaching and long term effects on the deindustrialization of the subcontinent, this has been the working role of British economic policies in India.
Major Policies Leading to Deindustrialization
Bias Toward British Commodities:
-British manufactured commodities were supported by Free Trade Policies of the British East India Company and the Crown. Indian industries, and in particular the textile, were most poorly and even inadequately protected from cheaper imported British commodities flooding into the Indian market.
Indian products were less competitive in global markets since they were high tariffed as they entered the British market.
-Exportation of raw materials:
To this end, India was developed into an industrial supplying nation of raw materials for industrial production in Britain, since it was the source of such raw materials as cotton, indigo, jute, etc. India as a home to manufacture was discouraged by these raw material productivities.
-Destruction of Traditional Industries:
Through their direct and indirect policies, British destroyed traditional Indian industries – textiles, handicrafts and shipbuilding in the east. This included:
Undercutting of Indian markets by cheaper British goods: This is what has been discussed above.
The British disrupted traditional supply chains – cast iron instead of glass, lead and steel replaced precious metals like silver and gold, artisans and craftsmen’s livelihoods were disrupted.
-There was absolutely no help or support from the British for the growth of Indian industries.
-Long-Term Implications:
Deindustrialization was extremely associated with India’s economic backwardness post independence. As a result, the economy failed because of a lack a strong industrial base which impeded growth and development.
-High dependence on Agriculture: Large part of the population was dependent on agriculture, so that the economy was vulnerable to droughts and other shocks of the agriculture.
Deindustrialization had some social and political consequences. Social unrest was produced and served as a fire for the nationalist movement against the British rule.
See lessHow does the concept of soft power influence India's foreign policy in the 21st century?
Soft power refers to the increasing role that attracts rather than forces others to get what it wants; this is highly relevant to Indian foreign policy during the 21st century, as illustrated here: -Cultural Diplomacy: India deploys its cultural offerings, including yoga, Ayurveda, Bollywood films,Read more
Soft power refers to the increasing role that attracts rather than forces others to get what it wants; this is highly relevant to Indian foreign policy during the 21st century, as illustrated here:
-Cultural Diplomacy: India deploys its cultural offerings, including yoga, Ayurveda, Bollywood films, and Indian classical music to create goodwill in other countries and to increase appreciation for them. For instance, International Yoga Day has reached the globe as a massive scale of India’s soft power.
-Economic Power: The growing economic power of India, based on its strong IT sector and growing international trade, is an added factor in its soft power. Aid programs, development assistance, and investments in developing countries add to the positive perception of India.
-Democratic Values: As the world’s largest democracy, India can promote democratic values and principles across the globe, especially in regions undergoing political transitions.
-Diaspora Engagement: The Indian diaspora in different countries around the world functions like an almighty network, augmenting Indian culture, values, and interests in respective countries.
Indian contribution to solving problems of global significance, such as climate change, poverty, and pandemics, brings a new meaning to being a responsible global citizen and thus helps in strengthening India’s soft power.
Examples of India’s Soft Power in Practice:
-Yoga Diplomacy: The International Day of Yoga became a global phenomenon in many ways, garnering millions of participants across the world and spreading Indian culture and values.
-Development Assistance: India’s various development assistance programs, such as the ITEC program, have benefited many developing nations for the mutual good of goodwill and cooperation.
-Cultural Festivals: The Indian government supports and hosts cultural festivals and activities worldwide, where it promotes the vastness of Indian arts, music, and dance before the rest of the world.
Soft power is a long game, however. It would be to negate all negative stories about India; solve all the internal problems such as poverty and inequality; and convey India’s values and aspirations to the rest of the world.
See lessSocial issue
By means of initiatives aimed on major issues, community leaders in the government, industry, and education sector can collaborate to reduce societal disparities and move in the direction of inclusion. Together, these community elders might have considerable effects on the development of social equaRead more
By means of initiatives aimed on major issues, community leaders in the government, industry, and education sector can collaborate to reduce societal disparities and move in the direction of inclusion. Together, these community elders might have considerable effects on the development of social equality and equilibrium.
Proper Education:-
Educational leaders may collaborate with government organizations and companies to guarantee underprivileged populations have the same access to excellent education. In India, for example, the Akshaya Patra Foundation works together with the government and private businesses to give mid-day meals to poor youngsters, therefore promoting school attendance and inclusiveness.
Fostering financial fairness.
Government and corporate leaders could cooperate on programs for universal employment. Tata Group, to give but one example, has an affirmative action policy in India giving incentives from government and educational institutions for training and hiring people from underprivileged communities.
Social Interaction
Political leadership working together with teachers and corporate executives can start community dialogue forums. Around the world, initiatives like Interfaith Harmony Weeks offer an opportunity for different groups to share points of view and dispel stereotypes.
programs on health and welfare
See lessVaccination drives and food distribution projects brought together community leaders across industries during the COVID-19 epidemic, therefore showing how cooperative approach can solve social issues inclusively.
BANGLADESH UNREST
Primary factor for government failure in Bangladesh Political Instability: Deep corruption and mostly between the Awami League (AL) and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) have drastically distinguished Bangladesh. This has caused regular strikes, demonstrations, and problems in creating a cohereRead more
Primary factor for government failure in Bangladesh
Political Instability: Deep corruption and mostly between the Awami League (AL) and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) have drastically distinguished Bangladesh. This has caused regular strikes, demonstrations, and problems in creating a coherent governance structure.
Authoritarianism: The Sheikh Hasina administration has been slammed for eroding democratic institutions, stifling dissent, and centralizing power. Further undermining the government are charges of vote-rigging and suppression of opposition.
Economic problems: Despite first growth, Bangladesh currently faces inflation, a rising trade deficit, and a falling foreign exchange reserves that are putting financial stress on the nation. These have led the common people to consider the laws unfavorably.
Great corruption in government, administration, and public services shakes the people’s faith and leads to policy stagnation.
Driving people apart are human rights abuses such suppression of free speech, media censorship, and excessive police use against political dissent.
6. Social and Environmental Issues: Increasing inequality, unemployment, and climate change challenges such as recurrent floods and displacement have added to the failure of the government in redressing public grievances.
Impact on India Foreign Policy
1. Border Security: Especially from Assam and West Bengal, political and economic instability in Bangladesh could lead to more cross border migration into IndiaThis could only be prevented if India improved its border control system in preventing illegal immigrants and smuggled goods from Bangladesh.
Strain on Bilateral Relations: Sheikh Hasina government has always been India’s closest ally for decades. The growing unrest and anti-India sentiments in various parts of Bangladesh might be putting a strain on this relationship.
3. Radical Forces: Political instability would open up Bangladesh to radical forces that can threaten regional security. In such a scenario, India and Bangladesh would have to work together even more closely on counterterrorism initiatives.
4. Teesta Water-sharing Agreement and other regional connectivity: Instability may continue to jeopardize the implementation of the water-sharing agreement on Teesta or regional connectivity plans that adversely affect Indian economic and strategic interests in the region.
At this moment, with Bangladesh in chaos inside China will most probably start to exert more power by offering its financial or political support. India should balance these by means of economics and diplomatic engagement.
Bangladesh instability could be contagious for the whole South Asia area, therefore affecting organizations throughout the region such as SAARC. India might have to reconsider its approach to neighborhood stability.
See lessGlobal Challenges and India's Role in Shaping Solutions
The following summary outlines the critical national challenges which face global nations. 1. Climate Change: World stability faces serious threats from increasing temperatures that generate extreme weather events while driving up sea levels which devastate economies and both ecosystems and human exRead more
The following summary outlines the critical national challenges which face global nations.
1. Climate Change: World stability faces serious threats from increasing temperatures that generate extreme weather events while driving up sea levels which devastate economies and both ecosystems and human existence.
2. Global Health Crises: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed systemic weaknesses in connected global systems and powered a push for improved public health infrastructure alongside pandemic readiness alongside fair healthcare access for all.
3. Geopolitical Tensions: Global peace and security face critical threats from political tensions and the power surge of nationalists alongside populist movements.
4. Economic Inequality: Sustainable development meets substantial obstacles due to rising economic disparity which also produces societal disturbances among various countries and their populations.
5. Food Security: Food global security stands as a critical challenge because it defends against large-scale hunger while protecting citizens from malnutrition caused by climate change and resource depletion and increasing population numbers.
6. Technological Disruption: Technological innovations such as Artificial intelligence together with automation systems generate both promising prospects along with the problems of technology-driven employment loss and moral issues.
India can help accelerate solutions in driving:
1. Climate Action: World leadership emerges from India through these steps:
2. Transitioning to renewable energy: The increase in extracting renewable sources depends on making solar power and wind power systems more powerful.
3. Energy Efficiency: Sustainable resource management will benefit from both energy-efficient technology advancements and transformed methods of production together with consumption patterns.
4. Protection of forests and biodiversity: Enhancement of forest cover through sustainable land-use practices.
5. Technological Innovation: India maintains a powerful technological and innovative framework throughout its economy. It can contribute through:
6. Green technology development and deployment: Clean energy technology development with sustainable agriculture sector investments and climate-resilient infrastructure research and development work.
7. Harnessing technology for development: Applying technology to social and economic problems, such as improved access to education and health and agricultural productivity.
8. International Cooperation: Engaging with the international community and cooperating to address global challenges. This includes:
9. Development Co-operation: helping developing countries implement initiatives to mitigate climate change, strengthen public health, and meet sustainable development goals.
10. Contributing to Global Peace and Security: India can contribute to global peace and security by:
11. Dialogue and Diplomacy: Propagation of peaceful resolution of conflicts and multilateralism
See less12. Supporting Peacekeeping: Supporting the United Nations Peace Force and helping bring peace to resolve conflict.
International Relation
The Indian diplomatic approach toward the Russia-Ukraine conflict focuses on being neutral while acting as a mediator that promotes dialogue and peaceful conflict resolution approaches. -Balancing Act: As India seeks to maintain stability within its diplomacy it balances its historic Russian relatioRead more
The Indian diplomatic approach toward the Russia-Ukraine conflict focuses on being neutral while acting as a mediator that promotes dialogue and peaceful conflict resolution approaches.
-Balancing Act: As India seeks to maintain stability within its diplomacy it balances its historic Russian relations with neighboring Western alliances.
-Historical Ties: For the past few decades India maintained deep military and political alliances with Russia while Russia functioned as a leading provider of national defense materials to the Indian government.
-Evolving Geopolitical Landscape: As India deepens its diplomatic relations with the West they continue active dialogue on both security strategies and economic collaboration with the United States.
-Humanitarian Aid: India delivers support for Ukrainian civilians while continuing to support peaceful conflict resolution in the country.
-Abstentions at UN: India continues to abstain from United Nations votes that condemn Russia’s operations in Ukraine because the country wants to stay neutral in international disputes.
-Focus on Dialogue: India pushes for diplomatic resolution of the Ukraine conflict while sharing its willingness to mediate but future mediation prospects appear uncertain.
Key Challenges:
-Maintaining Neutrality: Keeping Russia relations balanced while preserving Western ties about Ukraine faces India with their major problem.
-Influence: The deeply set positions taken by principal actors make it unlikely that India can significantly shape the situation.
-Local Issues: India faces energy security concerns together with fluctuations in its worldwide economic Projection resulting from both issues being specific to the region.
India moves through the intricate geopolitical dynamics as it attempts to build a constructive role toward Russia’s conflict with Ukraine. India acts with strategic independence to solve conflicts nonviolently while retaining awareness about how problematic and challenging the Ukraine-Russia crisis remains.
See less