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Organized Crime with Terrorism

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Home/Internal Security/Organized Crime with Terrorism/Page 3

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Kumudini Lakhia
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Kumudini LakhiaEnthusiast
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction  Briefly define the concepts of transnational organized crime and terrorist organizations. State the importance of understanding the interconnection between these groups in modern global security. 2. Nature of the Relationship  Cooperation for Mutual Benefits: Terrorist organizations often rely on organized ...

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Transnational organized crime groups and terrorist organizations have increasingly formed complex relationships that blur the lines between criminal and ideological motives. These organizations often collaborate for mutual benefits, with transnational crime groups offering logistical suRead more

    Model Answer

    Transnational organized crime groups and terrorist organizations have increasingly formed complex relationships that blur the lines between criminal and ideological motives. These organizations often collaborate for mutual benefits, with transnational crime groups offering logistical support, resources, and funding for terrorist activities, while terrorists provide ideological cover and operational bases for the criminals.

    Nature of the Relationship

    1. Ongoing Partnerships: Many terrorist groups rely on criminal networks for weapons, funding, and safe havens. For example, terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda have long depended on organized crime groups in Europe for the smuggling of arms and commodities, such as diamonds and drugs, which fund their operations.
    2. Diversification of Activities: To overcome financial constraints, some terrorist groups turn to criminal enterprises like drug trafficking. The Islamic State (ISIS), for example, generated significant income through oil smuggling, looting, and imposing illegal taxes on the territories it controlled. This diversification allows these groups to maintain operational capabilities and expand their influence.
    3. Convergence: Over time, the lines between terrorist organizations and organized crime groups have become increasingly blurred. Groups like ISIS, Al-Qaeda, and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) engage in both terrorist acts and criminal activities, including arms and drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking.

    Examples

    1. Al-Qaeda in Europe: Between 2000 and 2010, Al-Qaeda’s operations in Europe were bolstered by partnerships with organized crime networks, facilitating smuggling, arms provision, and drug trafficking, which funded terrorist operations. The links helped Al-Qaeda expand its reach and effectiveness in Europe.
    2. Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM): JeM not only conducts terrorist attacks but also engages in organized crime, such as arms and drug trafficking, and money laundering. These criminal activities enable the group to fund its operations and forge alliances with various international criminal networks, ensuring a continuous flow of resources for their agenda.

    Conclusion

    The relationship between transnational crime groups and terrorist organizations highlights the need for international cooperation to dismantle these networks effectively. Understanding their mutual dependence is crucial for combating global security threats.

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Tanish Chopra
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Tanish ChopraBegginer
Asked: July 22, 2024In:
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Assess the necessity for additional legislative revisions as well as the efficiency of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and other counterterrorism laws in prosecuting cases involving the intersection of organized crime and terrorism.

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Geeta Pandit
    Geeta Pandit Learner

    The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) is a key counterterrorism law in India that has been used to prosecute cases where organized crime and terrorism intersect. Here is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the UAPA and other related laws in this domain, as well as the need for further leRead more

    The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) is a key counterterrorism law in India that has been used to prosecute cases where organized crime and terrorism intersect. Here is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the UAPA and other related laws in this domain, as well as the need for further legislative reforms:

    Effectiveness of the UAPA:

    • The UAPA provides broad powers to law enforcement agencies to designate individuals and organizations as “terrorists” and arrest them on the suspicion of involvement in terrorist activities. This has enabled the prosecution of individuals with links to both organized crime and terrorism.
    • However, there are concerns about the misuse of the UAPA, with a high rate of acquittals indicating problems with the quality of investigations and evidence gathering.
    • The broad definitions and lack of clear guidelines in the UAPA have also led to concerns about infringement of civil liberties and due process.

    Intersection of organized crime and terrorism:

    • There are cases where organized crime groups have provided logistical support, funding, and weapons to terrorist organizations, blurring the lines between the two.
    • Prosecuting such cases is challenging as it requires piecing together evidence of the linkages between the criminal and terrorist activities.
    • Other laws like the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA) have also been used in such cases, but their application has been limited.

    Need for legislative reforms:

    • There is a need to review the UAPA and other counterterrorism laws to ensure a balance between national security concerns and protecting civil liberties.
    • Clearer definitions, stronger safeguards, and better oversight mechanisms could help address the concerns around the misuse of these laws.
    • Improved coordination and information-sharing between different law enforcement agencies could also enhance the effectiveness of prosecuting cases at the intersection of organized crime and terrorism.
    • Investing in strengthening the investigative capabilities and forensic tools of law enforcement agencies could improve the quality of evidence gathering and prosecution in such cases.

    In conclusion, while the UAPA and other counterterrorism laws have been used to prosecute cases involving the intersection of organized crime and terrorism, there is a need for legislative reforms to address the concerns around their implementation and ensure a more effective and rights-respecting approach to these complex challenges.

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Darshan Suresh
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Darshan SureshBegginer
Asked: January 21, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the context of the Delhi Declaration and its adoption during the special meeting of the UN CTC in 2022. 2. Key Significance Areas Universality of Threat: Discuss how the declaration emphasizes that terrorism is a global ...

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer The Delhi Declaration, adopted at the 2022 special meeting of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), holds significant importance in addressing the challenges posed by new and emerging technologies in the context of terrorism. Here are the key aspects of its significance: UniversalitRead more

    Model Answer

    The Delhi Declaration, adopted at the 2022 special meeting of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), holds significant importance in addressing the challenges posed by new and emerging technologies in the context of terrorism. Here are the key aspects of its significance:

    Universality of Threat

    The declaration emphasizes that terrorism, in all its forms, poses a grave threat to international peace and security, underscoring that no country or region is immune to this menace. This universal acknowledgment is crucial for fostering a global response to terrorism .

    Counter-Terrorism Opportunities

    It recognizes that technological innovations can provide substantial opportunities to enhance counter-terrorism strategies and tools. This perspective encourages the integration of advanced technologies in the fight against terrorism, rather than viewing them solely as threats .

    Balancing Innovation and Security

    The declaration highlights the need to balance technological innovation with security measures. It stresses the importance of encouraging economic development through technology while simultaneously implementing safeguards to prevent its misuse for terrorist activities .

    Collaboration with the Private Sector

    A significant aspect of the declaration is its call for collaboration between government agencies and private-sector entities. This partnership is essential for addressing evolving trends in terrorism, including financing methods, as effective counter-terrorism efforts require cooperation beyond traditional governmental structures .

    Enhancing Traceability and Transparency

    The declaration aims to improve the traceability and transparency of financial transactions, which is vital for detecting and preventing illicit financial flows related to terrorism. Strengthening oversight and monitoring of financial activities is a key commitment outlined in the declaration .

    The UN Security Council members have recognized the Delhi Declaration as a “solid basis” for countering the misuse of new technologies for terrorist purposes, reflecting a shared determination to tackle this pressing challenge.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: February 19, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define narco-terrorism and its relevance in the Indian context. Brief overview of the seriousness of the threat posed by narco-terrorism to national security and public health. 2. Emergence of Narco-Terrorism as a Serious Threat Geographic Vulnerability: Discuss India’s location ...

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat in India, intertwining drug trafficking with the financing of terrorist activities. This issue poses significant challenges to national security and public health, exacerbated by India's geographical vulnerability to narcoticsRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat in India, intertwining drug trafficking with the financing of terrorist activities. This issue poses significant challenges to national security and public health, exacerbated by India’s geographical vulnerability to narcotics smuggling.

    Emergence of Narco-Terrorism as a Serious Threat

    1. Geographic Location: India’s proximity to major drug-producing regions, such as the Golden Triangle (Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand) and the Golden Crescent (Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan), facilitates the flow of narcotics into the country.
    2. Weak Law Enforcement: Insufficient capacity and resources among law enforcement agencies hinder effective drug control and anti-terrorism measures. The limited presence of the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) in remote border areas complicates efforts against drug trafficking networks.
    3. Corruption: Corruption within law enforcement and government agencies undermines efforts to combat narco-terrorism, allowing drug traffickers to operate with impunity. Reports of police collusion with drug cartels have emerged in various states.
    4. Funding for Terrorism: Drug trafficking serves as a significant source of funding for terrorist organizations, enabling them to carry out their operations.
    5. Social Acceptance of Drug Culture: The growing normalization of drug use in certain social circles contributes to a culture that tolerates narco-trafficking.
    6. Insurgency and Ethnic Conflicts: Ongoing insurgencies in regions like Jammu and Kashmir and the northeastern states create a conducive environment for narco-terrorism. Insurgent groups in Kashmir have been linked to the drug trade, using proceeds from narcotics to finance their operations.

    Measures to Counter Narco-Terrorism

    1. Enhancing Border Management Techniques: Strengthening border security through advanced surveillance and improved patrolling can reduce drug inflow. The deployment of smart fencing systems along the India-Pakistan border has significantly reduced cross-border drug smuggling.
    2. Legal Reforms and Swift Justice: Establishing special fast-track courts for drug and terrorism-related offenses can enhance legal deterrence. Proposed special courts under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS, 1985) aim to expedite trials and reduce case backlogs.
    3. Integrated Task Forces for Intelligence Sharing: Forming joint task forces with coordinated efforts between various security and intelligence agencies helps dismantle trafficking networks. The Anti-Narcotics Task Force (ANTF) and Narco Coordination Centre (NCORD) facilitate real-time intelligence sharing.
    4. Promoting Community Engagement: Raising public awareness about drug risks and involving communities in vigilance can significantly reduce demand and discourage drug trafficking. Initiatives like the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan educate communities and create a network of citizens participating in anti-drug efforts.
    5. Global Partnerships Against Drug Trafficking: Strengthening international collaborations with organizations like INTERPOL and UNODC enhances India’s capacity to combat transnational drug crimes.
    6. Comprehensive Rehabilitation Initiatives: Expanding de-addiction and rehabilitation programs addresses the root cause of drug demand. The Ministry of Social Justice runs over 500 Integrated Rehabilitation Centres for Addicts (IRCAs), providing essential services nationwide.

    Effectively countering narco-terrorism requires a multi-faceted approach that strengthens law enforcement, utilizes advanced technologies, and raises public awareness to disrupt the drug-terror nexus.

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Parth Nayak
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Parth NayakBegginer
Asked: July 22, 2024In:
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Analyze critically the steps taken to combat systemic corruption as well as the role played by politicians, law enforcement officers, and government officials in fostering the link between organized crime and terrorism.

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Darshan Malik
    Darshan Malik Learner

    The involvement of government officials, law enforcement personnel, and politicians in facilitating the nexus between organized crime and terrorism is a critical issue that undermines the integrity of public institutions and impedes efforts to combat both criminal and terrorist activities. Here’s aRead more

    The involvement of government officials, law enforcement personnel, and politicians in facilitating the nexus between organized crime and terrorism is a critical issue that undermines the integrity of public institutions and impedes efforts to combat both criminal and terrorist activities. Here’s a critical examination of this involvement and the measures taken to address corruption within the system:

    Involvement of Government Officials, Law Enforcement, and Politicians
    Corruption and Collusion

    Bribery and Extortion: Government officials and law enforcement personnel may be bribed or coerced by organized crime syndicates and terrorist groups to overlook illegal activities or provide protection. This corruption facilitates the operations of these groups and undermines the rule of law.
    Political Connections: Politicians may be involved in facilitating or tolerating organized crime and terrorism due to their connections with criminal networks, either for personal gain or to maintain political power. This involvement can lead to a breakdown in efforts to combat these threats effectively.
    Misuse of Authority

    Manipulation of Legal and Regulatory Frameworks: Corrupt officials may manipulate legal and regulatory frameworks to benefit organized crime and terrorist organizations, such as by providing false documentation or obstructing investigations.
    Protection of Criminal Activities: Law enforcement personnel involved in corruption might actively protect criminal and terrorist activities from scrutiny, allowing these groups to operate with relative impunity.
    Compromised Investigations

    Obstruction of Justice: Corruption within law enforcement agencies can lead to the obstruction of justice, including tampering with evidence, suppressing investigations, or influencing judicial outcomes.
    Weakening of Counter-Terrorism Efforts: When officials are compromised, counter-terrorism efforts are weakened, as vital intelligence and resources may be diverted or inadequately utilized.
    Measures Taken to Address Corruption
    Anti-Corruption Legislation and Reforms

    Strengthened Laws: Many countries have enacted anti-corruption laws to address bribery, extortion, and other forms of corruption. These laws often include stringent penalties and provisions for asset recovery.
    Regulatory Oversight: Governments have established regulatory bodies and oversight mechanisms to monitor and enforce anti-corruption measures within public institutions.
    Independent Oversight and Accountability Mechanisms

    Anti-Corruption Agencies: Independent anti-corruption agencies, such as the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in India or the Office of the Ombudsman in various countries, investigate allegations of corruption and hold officials accountable.
    Internal Affairs Units: Law enforcement agencies may have internal affairs units responsible for investigating misconduct and corruption within their ranks.
    Transparency and Reporting Systems

    Whistleblower Protection: Legislation to protect whistleblowers who report corruption and misconduct helps ensure that information about corrupt activities is brought to light without fear of retaliation.
    Public Disclosure: Governments may require public officials and politicians to disclose their assets and financial interests to increase transparency and prevent conflicts of interest.
    Judicial Reforms and Prosecutions

    Special Courts and Tribunals: Special courts or tribunals may be established to expedite the prosecution of corruption and organized crime cases, ensuring that justice is served swiftly and effectively.
    High-Profile Cases: High-profile prosecutions of corrupt officials and criminal networks can serve as a deterrent and demonstrate the government’s commitment to combating corruption.
    International Cooperation and Support

    Global Initiatives: International organizations, such as the United Nations and INTERPOL, provide support and cooperation in addressing cross-border organized crime and terrorism. They offer resources, training, and frameworks for tackling corruption.
    Anti-Corruption Networks: Countries may participate in international anti-corruption networks to share best practices, collaborate on investigations, and strengthen global efforts to combat corruption.
    Institutional Strengthening

    Capacity Building: Investing in the training and capacity building of law enforcement and judicial personnel enhances their ability to tackle corruption and organized crime effectively.
    Institutional Integrity: Strengthening institutional frameworks and promoting a culture of integrity within public institutions can reduce opportunities for corruption and improve overall effectiveness.
    Conclusion
    The involvement of government officials, law enforcement personnel, and politicians in facilitating the nexus between organized crime and terrorism is a serious issue that undermines security and governance. Addressing this problem requires a comprehensive approach that includes enacting and enforcing anti-corruption legislation, establishing independent oversight mechanisms, ensuring transparency and accountability, and pursuing judicial reforms. International cooperation and support are also vital in tackling these challenges. By implementing and strengthening these measures, governments can work towards reducing corruption, enhancing the effectiveness of their counter-terrorism and crime-fighting efforts, and restoring public trust in their institutions.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Opening Sentence: Define organized crime and its key characteristics (structured, coordinated, profit-driven). Fact: Organized crime involves structured networks that ...

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Organized crime refers to well-structured, systematic criminal activities conducted by groups for substantial illegal profits. These activities encompass a wide range of illicit operations, often spanning multiple jurisdictions and countries. Types of Organized Crime Drug TRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Organized crime refers to well-structured, systematic criminal activities conducted by groups for substantial illegal profits. These activities encompass a wide range of illicit operations, often spanning multiple jurisdictions and countries.

    Types of Organized Crime

    Drug Trafficking:
    The production, smuggling, and distribution of illegal drugs like heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine generate vast profits.

    Human Trafficking:
    The illicit trade of humans for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or organ harvesting is another major organized crime activity.

    Arms Trafficking:
    Illegal trade in firearms, ammunition, and military-grade weapons fuels conflicts and criminal activities.

    Money Laundering:
    This involves concealing illegal proceeds to make them appear legitimate through complex financial transactions.

    Cybercrime:
    Crimes committed using digital systems, such as hacking, identity theft, and financial fraud, fall under this category.

    Linkages Between Terrorists and Organized Crime:

    Resource Sharing:
    Terrorists often fund their operations through organized crime, such as the Taliban’s reliance on drug trafficking for financial support.

    Logistics Support:
    Terrorists use criminal networks for logistics, like smuggling routes. For instance, ISIS has exploited human trafficking networks.

    Recruitment Pool:
    Criminal groups sometimes serve as recruitment pools for terrorist organizations. For example, European gang members have joined ISIS.

    Mutual Profiteering:
    Both groups may benefit financially from collaborating, as seen in Boko Haram’s cooperation with ivory traffickers.

    Conclusion

    The nexus between organized crime and terrorism presents grave national and global security threats. Tackling this requires international cooperation, intelligence sharing, and coordinated law enforcement efforts.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
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Every country’s internal security is hampered by terrorism and corruption. Analyze critically.(200 Words) [UPPSC 2021]

uppsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Eklavya Pandit
    Eklavya Pandit Begginer

    Terrorism and Corruption are significant threats to internal security, deeply impacting the stability and safety of a nation. Terrorism: Instability: Terrorism creates widespread fear and destabilizes regions, disrupting daily life and undermining public trust in government institutions. Recent ExamRead more

    Terrorism and Corruption are significant threats to internal security, deeply impacting the stability and safety of a nation.

    Terrorism:

    1. Instability: Terrorism creates widespread fear and destabilizes regions, disrupting daily life and undermining public trust in government institutions. Recent Example: The 2023 terror attacks in Kashmir, which led to heightened security measures and civilian distress.
    2. Economic Impact: The cost of combating terrorism, including security expenditures and damage to infrastructure, strains national resources. Example: The financial burden on India due to repeated terror attacks in major cities like Mumbai.
    3. Social Division: Terrorism can exacerbate communal tensions and societal divisions, leading to long-term social fragmentation.

    Corruption:

    1. Erosion of Trust: Corruption undermines the effectiveness of law enforcement and judicial systems, leading to a lack of public trust and cooperation. Example: Corruption in police forces, which can hinder effective crime investigation and management.
    2. Inefficient Resource Utilization: Misallocation of resources due to corruption weakens internal security mechanisms, leaving gaps in defense and emergency responses. Example: The 2024 corruption scandal involving defense procurement that compromised national security preparedness.
    3. Undermining Development: Corruption hampers economic development, which is crucial for maintaining internal stability and security.

    Conclusion: Both terrorism and corruption critically undermine internal security by destabilizing regions, straining resources, and eroding public trust. Effective measures to combat both threats are essential for ensuring national stability and security.

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Sameeksha R S Raju
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Sameeksha R S RajuBegginer
Asked: September 8, 2024In:
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What are the major challenges India faces in curbing cross-border drug trafficking, and how do these challenges impact the country’s internal security?

question
  1. Shivangi Yadav
    Shivangi Yadav Begginer

    Drug Trafficking is a trade of illicit drugs involving cultivation, manufacturer, distribution and sale of prohibited drugs. The process often used airports and commercial aircraft as channel for transportation of smuggled drug accross borders. Drugs are chemicals or substances that change the way oRead more

    Drug Trafficking is a trade of illicit drugs involving cultivation, manufacturer, distribution and sale of prohibited drugs. The process often used airports and commercial aircraft as channel for transportation of smuggled drug accross borders.

    Drugs are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work. Some are prescribed by the physician while the others have no medical use or benefits.

    Usually taken by swallowing, inhaling or injecting abused drugs find their way into the bloodstream which acts as channel for transportation finally to the brain, where these drugs mat intensify or dull the senses, change how alert or sleepy people feel and sometimes decrease the physical pain, which eventually leads to the inability of our brain to make healthy choices leading to dangerous situations.

    Based on the requirement drugs are majorly segregated inot sedatives, analgesics, tranquilizers, Opioids and narcotics.

    Drug Addiction When the person’s body leads to inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medicine.

    Impact of Drug Abuse:

    1. Strained HealthCare System:

    Drug abuse may lead to specialized treatment, sometimes involving death, contraction of illnesses and prolonged stays at hospitals.The consequences of illicit drug use are widespread, causing permanent physical and emotional damage to users and negatively impacting their families, coworkers, and many others with whom they have contact. Drug use negatively impacts a user’s health, often leading to sickness and disease. In many cases, users die prematurely from drug overdoses or other drug-associated illnesses .

    2.An overburdened justice system :

    The consequences of illicit drug use impact the entire criminal justice system, taxing resources at each stage of the arrest, adjudication, incarceration, and post-release supervision process.

    3. Lost productivity:

    Premature mortality, illness, injury leading to incapacitation, and imprisonment all serve to directly reduce national productivity. Public financial resources expended in the areas of health care and criminal justice as a result of illegal drug trafficking and use are resources that would otherwise be available for other policy initiatives.Individuals who are employed but have chronic absenteeism resulting from illicit drug use also accrue substantial lost productivity.

    4. Environmental destruction:

    Impact on the Environment

    The environmental impact of illicit drugs is largely the result of outdoor cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production. Many of the chemicals used to produce methamphetamine are flammable, and the improper storage, use, and disposal of such chemicals that are typical among methamphetamine producers often lead to fires and explosions at laboratories.

    Places in India from where Drug Trafficking takes place:

    1. Myanmar, India’s gateway to Southeast Asia and shares maritime border with northeastern states of India such as Nagaland, Mizoram,Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh, is a state infamous due to it’s hefty drug trafficking poses a serious challenge to India’s security due to the illicit flow of drugs from Myanmar. Myanmar is the second largest producer of opium poppy and the leading manufacturer of synthetic drugs forms the Golden Triangle along with Thailand and Laos. India has become one of the major markets for these drugs.

    2. Nepal is also one of the major smuggling point of Hashish in India across land borders in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

    3. Drug Trafficking through sea routes constitutes around 70% of the total illegal drugs smuggled in India. These maritime sea routes are used by drug syndicates based in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

    Problems of National Security faced by India:

    The two way illegal flow of these drugs and raw chemicals not only violates India’s borders, but also poses a major threat to national security. The network formed between drug traffickers, organised criminal network and terrorist has created a force powerful enough to cause instability in the country.

    Challenges faced by India in curbing drug trafficking:

    1. Technological Advancements Drug traffickers are increasingly using technology to bluff law enforcement agencies. For instance use of dark net to sell drugs, unreachable internet based technology for the communication and also drones to transport drugs from across the borders.

    2. Insufficient Law Enforcement despite efforts to improve law enforcement there is a perceived lack of coordination among different agencies leading to failure of effectively tackle the issue.

    3.Lack of Social Awareness Indian society is stigmatized often on drug abuse and addiction. There is a need to create more awareness and promote preventive measures, need to develop more rehabilitation facilities to cater to needs of large number of people struggling with addiction.

    4. Political Interference Political interference often hampers the work of law enforcement agencies and hinders their ability to tackle drug trafficking effectively.

     

     

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Mehak Mehara
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Mehak MeharaBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
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Organized crime’s distinct and well-defined features make it impossible to effectively manage. Talk about it. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Raudas Singh
    Raudas Singh Begginer

    The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has developed a general definition of organized crime as a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public demand. Its continuing existence is maintained through corruption of pRead more

    The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has developed a general definition of organized crime as a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public demand. Its continuing existence is maintained through corruption of public officials and the use of intimidation, threats, or forces to protect its operations. Examples of organized crime include money laundering, smuggling, drug trafficking, human trafficking, contract killing, kidnapping, etc.

    Characteristics of organized crime:

    • Hierarchical structure: Groups involved in organized crime consist of a durable core of key members surrounded by a cluster of subordinates, specialists, and other transient disposable assets.
    • Close collaboration: Members of the group come together on the basis of some common traits such as ethnicity, criminal background, interests, or family background.
    • Continuity: The criminal groups operate beyond the lifetime of individual members and are structured to survive changes in leadership.
    • Willing to use violence: Violence or the threat of it is used against the members of organized crime groups to keep them in line and also against outsiders to protect the economic interests of the group.
    • Attainment of power and profit: To attain these goals, crime groups secure political power through the corruption of public officials and “protectors” who defend the groups and their interests.

    Difficulty in controlling and combating these groups:

    • Legal framework: Different organized crimes are dealt with by their corresponding laws such as the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, etc., and their respective agencies. This creates overlaps and gaps in their effective control.
    • The anonymity of leadership: As organized criminal groups are structured in a hierarchical manner, it becomes difficult to identify their leaders. Also, such groups keep changing their leaders to avoid law enforcement agencies.
    • Difficult to control the funding: Informal sources of funding like hundi, hawala, etc. used by organized crimes are difficult to regulate. Further, modern technologies used for funding like bitcoins by their design are difficult to track and decrypt.
    • Nexus of criminal elements with government officials: Since organized crime groups create a vested interest of public officials in their survival and progress, they are able to get political patronage at different stages of investigation, prosecution, and incarceration.
    • Transnational presence: Some organized crimes like drug trafficking, human trafficking, etc. have a transnational presence. They spread beyond national boundaries and present difficulties in the prevention, detection, and investigation of these transnational organized crimes.

    A multi-layered approach that involves law enforcement agencies and policymakers is needed. Apart from that, there should be a focus on capacity building of agencies, greater international cooperation, better border management, and inclusive development to effectively control organized crimes.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the key elements of the question: drugs, internet, and terrorism. Explain how the convergence of these three factors has become a growing threat to India’s national security. Mention the challenges India faces due to its geographic position ...

upsc: organized crime with terrorism
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer 1. Narco-terrorism: Funding Terrorist Activities The convergence of narcotics trafficking and terrorism poses a significant security threat to India. Drug trafficking routes between major opium and cannabis-producing regions (such as Afghanistan and the Golden Triangle) pass through IndRead more

    Model Answer

    1. Narco-terrorism: Funding Terrorist Activities

    The convergence of narcotics trafficking and terrorism poses a significant security threat to India. Drug trafficking routes between major opium and cannabis-producing regions (such as Afghanistan and the Golden Triangle) pass through India. Terrorist organizations, including Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, ULFA, Naxalites, and Maoists, exploit the narcotics trade to fund their operations. This not only destabilizes the nation but also sustains terrorist activities, undermining security efforts.

    2. Cyber-Terrorism and Vulnerability

    With over 820 million active internet users, India faces a heightened vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Cyber-terrorism can disrupt critical infrastructure, finance terrorism, or compromise national security. India is the most targeted country in the world, facing 13.7% of global cyber-attacks, as per the “India Threat Landscape Report 2023” by Cyfirma. Terrorist groups can exploit cyber platforms for communication, coordination, and even funding their operations, making India a key target for cyber-terrorist activities.

    3. The Role of Crypto-Markets in Drug Trafficking

    The rise of the dark web and crypto-markets has facilitated the illicit drug trade, making it easier for drug traffickers to operate across borders without detection. According to the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Report 2023, the sale of illegal drugs on these platforms has surged, providing a new means for terrorist organizations to finance their activities. The anonymity offered by crypto-markets further complicates enforcement efforts.

    4. Internet as a Tool for Terrorism

    The internet serves as a powerful tool for terrorist groups to spread propaganda, recruit new members, and coordinate logistics for both drug trafficking and terror activities. In Kashmir, terrorist organizations have used social media to recruit youth, particularly after the rise of Burhan Wani in 2013, significantly increasing the scope and reach of terrorist activities.

    Conclusion

    The integration of drug trafficking, cyber-terrorism, and the internet has compounded India’s security challenges. To counter this, a multifaceted approach involving technological advancement, global cooperation, and strict monitoring of drug routes is essential for national security.

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On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

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