Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction (50-75 words) Briefly define illegal trans-border migration and its relevance to India. Mention the estimated number of illegal immigrants in India. Relevant Facts: Over 2 million illegal immigrants reside in India, as per the Ministry of Home Affairs 2020 ...
Model Answer Introduction The India-Myanmar border is a complex region facing numerous security challenges, including insurgent activities, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. These issues are exacerbated by the porous nature of the border, making effective policing difficult. Security ChallengRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The India-Myanmar border is a complex region facing numerous security challenges, including insurgent activities, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. These issues are exacerbated by the porous nature of the border, making effective policing difficult.
Security Challenges
Insurgent Activities
Groups such as the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-K) exploit the border for insurgent activities, as highlighted by the 2015 ambush in Manipur. Other groups like the Kuki Liberation Front (KLF) and the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) also utilize this region for arms smuggling and as a sanctuary for their operations.
Drug Trafficking
The border serves as a critical route for drug trafficking, particularly due to its proximity to Myanmar’s Golden Triangle, a notorious area for opium production. Numerous seizures of yaba tablets and heroin have been reported, indicating the scale of this issue.
Human Trafficking
The region is a hotspot for human trafficking, with victims often subjected to forced labor or sexual exploitation. This crime is facilitated by the lack of stringent border controls.
Arms Smuggling
Illegal arms smuggling remains a persistent problem, with insurgent groups sourcing weapons from across the border, further complicating the security landscape.
Illegal Immigration
The porous border allows for significant illegal immigration, which adds to the demographic complexities and strains local resources.
Wildlife Trafficking
The border is also misused for illegal wildlife trade, threatening biodiversity and conservation efforts in the region.
Steps to Counter Challenges
Enhanced Surveillance
Utilizing advanced technologies such as drones and satellite imagery can improve real-time surveillance and early detection of suspicious activities. For instance, the Bharat drone has been effective in monitoring the border.
Improved Infrastructure
Developing infrastructure like Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) and border roads can enhance access and control. The ICP at Moreh in Manipur has notably improved border management.
Increased Border Personnel
Strengthening border forces, particularly the Assam Rifles, through increased deployment can deter illegal activities and enhance security.
Bilateral Cooperation
Collaborative efforts with Myanmar, such as ‘Operation Sunrise,’ have shown promise in managing border security and combating insurgent groups.
Socio-economic Development
Implementing development projects in border areas can reduce the allure of illegal activities and insurgency. Programs under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) aim to address these socio-economic issues.
Conclusion
Addressing the security challenges along the India-Myanmar border requires a multifaceted approach that combines advanced surveillance, improved infrastructure, increased personnel, bilateral cooperation, and socio-economic development. By implementing these strategies, the region can become safer and more secure.
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Model Answer Introduction Illegal trans-border migration into India, particularly in states like Assam and Tamil Nadu, poses significant security threats. India's diverse geography and economic opportunities attract illicit migration. A report by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2020 estimated over 2Read more
Model Answer
Introduction
Illegal trans-border migration into India, particularly in states like Assam and Tamil Nadu, poses significant security threats. India’s diverse geography and economic opportunities attract illicit migration. A report by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2020 estimated over 2 million illegal immigrants in India, with a substantial number residing in Assam and Tamil Nadu.
Security Threats Posed by Illegal Trans-Border Migration
Terrorism and Infiltration
Illegal migration can facilitate terrorist infiltration. The 2008 Mumbai attacks highlighted how militants exploited vulnerabilities in border security. Concerns have also been raised regarding connections between illegal Sri Lankan immigrants and militant groups like the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Crime and Insurgency
There is a notable correlation between illegal migration and a rise in criminal activities. The India-Bangladesh border has become a hotspot for smuggling and human trafficking. In the North-Eastern states, unchecked migration has exacerbated insurgency issues.
Social Unrest
Rapid demographic changes due to illegal immigration have led to social tensions. Historical incidents, such as the Assam Agitation in the 1980s and recent violence against Sri Lankan refugees in Tamil Nadu, underscore the potential for unrest.
Strategies to Curb Illegal Trans-Border Migration
Enhanced Surveillance
India has improved border security through initiatives like the Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS), which employs technology for better monitoring. Coastal security in Tamil Nadu has also been strengthened to prevent illegal maritime migration.
Legal Measures
The government has implemented legal frameworks, such as the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). However, these measures have sparked debate regarding their humanitarian implications.
Bilateral Cooperation
Strengthening cooperation with neighboring countries is crucial. The 2015 Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh represents a significant step towards addressing migration issues collaboratively.
Factors Driving Illegal Trans-Border Migration
Economic Opportunity
India’s relatively better economic prospects serve as a significant pull factor for migrants from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Political Unrest and Conflict
Political instability, exemplified by the Sri Lankan Civil War, has driven many to seek refuge in India.
Environmental Factors
Climate change and associated disasters, particularly in Bangladesh’s low-lying regions, are increasingly influencing migration patterns.
Socio-Cultural Ties
Shared linguistic and cultural connections facilitate the integration of migrants, as seen with Sri Lankan Tamils in Tamil Nadu.
Conclusion
Addressing illegal trans-border migration requires a nuanced approach that balances security needs, socio-economic dynamics, and humanitarian concerns. The complexity of this issue highlights the necessity for comprehensive and sustainable solutions.
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