Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the patriarchal limitations that have traditionally confined women in India. Mention how technology has become a tool for empowerment, allowing women to break free from these constraints. 2. Body Organize the body into clear sections based on ...
Model Answer India has witnessed a significant reduction in poverty, with 24.82 crore people emerging out of multidimensional poverty between 2013-14 and 2022-23, according to NITI Aayog. This progress has led to the emergence of a newly non-poor population, who, while above the poverty line, remainRead more
Model Answer
India has witnessed a significant reduction in poverty, with 24.82 crore people emerging out of multidimensional poverty between 2013-14 and 2022-23, according to NITI Aayog. This progress has led to the emergence of a newly non-poor population, who, while above the poverty line, remain vulnerable to economic shocks. To address these evolving challenges, India must reform its social protection system to cater to both chronic poverty and the vulnerabilities of the newly non-poor.
1. Shifting from Protective to Preventive Measures
India’s social protection system must move beyond protective instruments (like safety nets) to include preventive and promotional measures. These focus on enhancing the capacity of families to withstand economic shocks. By investing in human capital development—such as providing access to job opportunities and income generation—India can reduce the risk of individuals falling back into poverty. Preventive measures can cushion families against shocks before they occur, making them more resilient in the long term.
2. Expanding Insurance Coverage
Currently, only 4% of Indians benefit from government social insurance programs. Expanding insurance coverage can prevent households from relying solely on safety nets during crises, which often leads to long-term poverty and debt. Expanding contributory pension schemes, for example, can reduce the need for state welfare transfers in old age, ensuring more financial security for individuals as they grow older.
3. Engaging the Private Sector
To overcome the limitations of government resources, engaging the private sector through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) is essential. These collaborations can attract additional investments, thereby strengthening the financial resources available for social protection programs. PPPs can also help expand and improve the reach of safety nets, benefiting a wider population.
4. Portability of Benefits for Migrants
To ensure economic stability and social security for migrant populations, India should introduce portability of benefits. By allowing individuals to access their entitlements regardless of their location, such as a migrant worker in Delhi being able to access health benefits from Bihar, the country can provide greater stability and reduce disparities caused by migration.
By incorporating these reforms, India can build a social protection system that addresses both chronic poverty and the vulnerabilities of the newly non-poor, ensuring inclusive growth and social security for all.
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Model Answer Recent advancements in technology have significantly empowered women in India, helping them break free from patriarchal limitations and engage in activities beyond traditional roles. The following key areas illustrate this transformative impact: 1. Improving Access to Education HistoricRead more
Model Answer
Recent advancements in technology have significantly empowered women in India, helping them break free from patriarchal limitations and engage in activities beyond traditional roles. The following key areas illustrate this transformative impact:
1. Improving Access to Education
Historically, patriarchal norms have limited women’s access to education. With the advent of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), educational barriers have been reduced. Women can now access quality education from the safety of their homes, overcoming physical attendance constraints. For instance, Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) has enabled over 54% of its beneficiaries to be women, providing them with digital literacy and better educational opportunities.
2. Boosting Women’s Entrepreneurship
Technology has broken the traditional norms that restrict women from entering business ventures due to social constraints and limited mobility. E-commerce and digital platforms have created opportunities for women to start businesses from home. Programs like W2E2 (Wireless Women for Entrepreneurship and Empowerment) empower rural women to create ICT-based social enterprises, boosting their economic independence.
3. Ensuring Women’s Safety
Safety concerns have historically hindered women’s mobility and public participation. However, technological solutions like safety apps and helplines are improving women’s safety. The 112 Emergency Response Support System (ERSS) is one such initiative that provides immediate assistance to women in distress through a single emergency number.
4. Growth of Women’s Employment
Technology has also expanded employment opportunities for women. The rise of remote work and digital platforms has allowed women to access jobs like telemarketing, sales, and teaching from home. Platforms such as Apna.co have seen a 132% increase in female users, many of whom are seeking remote employment.
5. Better Advocacy
Technology has provided women with a voice in social issues. Digital platforms, particularly social media, have amplified women’s advocacy efforts. The MeToo Movement, which gained significant momentum online, allowed women to share experiences and demand change, fostering societal awareness.
Conclusion
In conclusion, technology has enabled women in India to break patriarchal constraints, create new avenues for education, entrepreneurship, employment, and advocacy, leading to a more inclusive and prosperous society.
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