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Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, adopted in 1950 and establishing the framework of the Indian government. It outlines the powers and responsibilities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and can be amended through a rigorous process.

The Constitution safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens and serves as the foundation for India’s vibrant democracy, federal structure, and decentralized governance system.

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Home/Indian Polity/Indian Constitution/Page 9

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Ayushi
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AyushiBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In: , ,
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What are the experiences of LGBTQ+ people in Indian society, and what constitutional laws and regulations might be implemented into effect to provide them social justice?

  1. Jiya Sonkar
    Jiya Sonkar Begginer

    The LGBTQ+ community suffers greatly and is frequently the target of hate crimes committed not only in India but also worldwide. There is a significant percentage of hate and conceit against these minorities. Although a few of countries have formally acknowledged third gender and homosexuals as equaRead more

    The LGBTQ+ community suffers greatly and is frequently the target of hate crimes committed not only in India but also worldwide. There is a significant percentage of hate and conceit against these minorities. Although a few of countries have formally acknowledged third gender and homosexuals as equal citizens. Only when there is political and economic justice can there be social justice. Since the 2010s, LGBTQ+ people in India have experienced an increase in societal acceptance and tolerance. Under the Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Act of 2019, the right to self-perceived gender identity is recognised. When a certificate from a qualified medical professional is received, government organisations can issue new identification documents verifying a gender transition.

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Sorry it's a private question.

Sorry it's a private question.

Gitanjali Reena
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Gitanjali ReenaBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine critically the applicability of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act in modifying the reservations policy as a means of achieving India’s social justice goals.

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Shehla Iram
    Shehla Iram Begginer

    The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2019, introduced a 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in education and public employment, marking a significant shift in India's reservation policy. Earlier, reservations were aimed at addressing historical injustices and socialRead more

    The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2019, introduced a 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in education and public employment, marking a significant shift in India’s reservation policy. Earlier, reservations were aimed at addressing historical injustices and social disadvantages faced by Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). This amendment extends benefits based on economic criteria, regardless of caste. Its relevance lies in acknowledging economic hardship as a barrier to social mobility,  broadening the scope of social justice. The Supporters argue that it addresses the needs of economically disadvantaged groups who do not fall under existing reserved categories,  promoting inclusive growth. Critics says that this economic-based reservation may dilute the original intention of reservations, which is to rectify systemic social discrimination. Additionally, the 10% EWS quota raises questions about the practical implementation and potential overlap with existing quotas, which already account for 50% of seats. The amendment also risks perpetuating the reliance on quotas as a solution, rather than addressing structural inequalities through comprehensive socio-economic reforms. Thus,the 103rd Amendment aims to expand the ambit of social justice, its long-term impact on achieving genuine equity and inclusion remains to be critically evaluated.

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Ananya Gupta
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Ananya GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In: ,
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What are the historical and contemporary challenges in implementing communist ideologies in diverse global contexts?

  1. bhoomi bindra
    bhoomi bindra Begginer

    Going back in history we can see that the earliest communist movements have faced strong opposition from the political front. As the communists come into power they face difficulty fulfilling their promises of creating an equal and just society. The USSR and China both saw initial growth in economicRead more

    Going back in history we can see that the earliest communist movements have faced strong opposition from the political front. As the communists come into power they face difficulty fulfilling their promises of creating an equal and just society. The USSR and China both saw initial growth in economic trends but faced a downfall due to a lack of incentives and economic stagnation.

    In present times, the main challenge in the implementation of communist principles is that the world is largely capitalistic. The countries which seem to be communist are supposedly facing isolation from the world. Technological advancement and rapid globalization have changed the socio-economic dynamics which made it difficult to deal within the traditional communist model.

    Another challenge the communists face is social and political resistance as the people love and value their democracy and personal freedom which are very limited in communist countries. Also, the lack of transparency in the governance of the country can erode the public trust in the government.

    Overall, the challenges of implementing communism include economic inefficiencies, international isolation, resistance to political and social control, and adapting to a modern globalized world.

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Ananya Gupta
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Ananya GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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What impact has the amendments concerning the Directive Principles of State Policy had on the socio-economic development in India?

  1. Rishika Vishwakarma
    Rishika Vishwakarma Begginer

    The amendments concerning the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) have significantly impacted socio-economic development in India by reinforcing the state's commitment to social justice and economic welfare. Enhanced Focus on Welfare The 42nd Amendment in 1976 introduced directives aimed atRead more

    The amendments concerning the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) have significantly impacted socio-economic development in India by reinforcing the state’s commitment to social justice and economic welfare.

    Enhanced Focus on Welfare

    The 42nd Amendment in 1976 introduced directives aimed at minimizing economic inequalities and promoting worker participation in management, thereby fostering a more equitable society. This shift has led to the implementation of various welfare programs targeting marginalized sections, such as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, enhancing their socio-economic status.

    Legal and Educational Advancements

    The 86th Amendment in 2002 made education a fundamental right, ensuring that children aged 6 to 14 receive free and compulsory education. This has directly contributed to increased literacy rates and skill development, essential for economic growth.

    Economic Policies and Initiatives

    The state has established numerous schemes, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, aimed at job creation and financial inclusion. These initiatives have been instrumental in uplifting rural communities and promoting entrepreneurship.

    Conclusion

    Overall, the amendments to the DPSP have strengthened the framework for socio-economic development in India, facilitating a more inclusive approach to governance and ensuring that the benefits of growth are more widely distributed

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Mayur Wagh
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Mayur WaghBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In: , ,
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How does the parliament of India ensure the accountability of the executive?

question
  1. ChahT
    ChahT

    The Parliament of India ensures accountability of the executive through various mechanisms aimed at enhancing transparency and oversight. First of all, the executive is headed by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers, who are responsible to the Lok Sabha, Parliament's Lower House. These shRead more

    The Parliament of India ensures accountability of the executive through various mechanisms aimed at enhancing transparency and oversight. First of all, the executive is headed by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers, who are responsible to the Lok Sabha, Parliament’s Lower House. These shall, in turn, be enforced through a number of parliamentary procedures and practices. They can question ministers during the Question Hour, seek clarifications, and hold debates on various burning issues. It has also developed methods through its several committees, like the Public Accounts Committee and the Estimates Committee, whereby the Parliament dissects executive actions, in particular their expenditure and policy, and criticizes them when required. The Parliament can pass or may reject legislation introduced by the executive; thus, this will ensure that policies reflect legislative intent. No-confidence motion against the government can only be brought in to the Lok Sabha, and upon the passage, it can force the Prime Minister and the entire Council of Ministers to resign. In aggregate, all these processes ensure that the executive remains answerable to the elected representatives and, by extension, to the people of India.

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Ranjanaa
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RanjanaaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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What was the primary objective of the First Amendment Act, 1951, and what were its key provisions?

amendmentconstitutionconstitutional provisionindiaindian constitutional provisionquestion
  1. bhoomi bindra
    bhoomi bindra Begginer

    The First Amendment Act, of 1951 was carried out to address the SCs decision that stopped the government from implementing socio-economic reforms. The amendment safeguards the government's power to do social justice ensure equal distribution of resources and carry out land reforms. Some important prRead more

    The First Amendment Act, of 1951 was carried out to address the SCs decision that stopped the government from implementing socio-economic reforms. The amendment safeguards the government’s power to do social justice ensure equal distribution of resources and carry out land reforms. Some important provisions of this act are as follows:

    1. Restriction on Freedom of speech and expression

    The act imposed restrictions on how the fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression should be exercised. The said restrictions preserve the morals, sovereignty, and integrity of India.

     

    2. Land reforms

    Article 31A- under this protection laws related to land reforms and the acquisition of estates were introduced. The provision aimed at redistribution of and to ensure social justice.

    Article 31B- this article protects certain laws by placing them in the 9th schedule from being challenged in the SC on grounds of violation of fundamental rights.

    3. Amendments to Fundamental rights

    The act stated that and large estate acquired by the government with the purpose of redistribution to ensure equality should not be seen as unconstitutional or challenged in the SC on grounds of violation of fundamental rights of right to equality or right to property.

    4. Provisions for backward classes

    The act allowed the state to make provisions for the growth of educationally and socially backward classes or for the scheduled caste and scheduled tribes.

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Ranjanaa
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RanjanaaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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What was the primary objective of the First Amendment Act, 1951, and what were its key provisions?

amendmentconstitutionconstitutional provisionindiaindian constitutional provisionquestion
  1. Meghna Chakarvarti
    Meghna Chakarvarti Begginer

    The primary objective of the First Amendment Act, 1951, in India was to curtail certain fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution. It aimed to amend Article 19 to impose restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble peacefully, and freedom to form associations or uRead more

    The primary objective of the First Amendment Act, 1951, in India was to curtail certain fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution.

    It aimed to amend Article 19 to impose restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble peacefully, and freedom to form associations or unions.

    These amendments were primarily driven by concerns over national security and public order in the aftermath of Partition and the challenges of nation-building.

     

    Key provisions of the First Amendment Act, 1951, included:

     

    1. Imposition of Reasonable Restrictions: It added clauses to Article 19 that allowed the state to impose “reasonable restrictions” on freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble peacefully, and freedom to form associations or unions in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India.

    2. Land Reform Laws: The Act inserted Article 31A and Article 31B to validate land reform laws that sought to abolish intermediaries and redistribute land to the tillers.

    3. Validation of Certain Acts: It validated certain laws that had been challenged on grounds of infringing fundamental rights, thereby securing legal backing for legislative measures deemed essential for governance and societal stability.

     

     

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