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Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, adopted in 1950 and establishing the framework of the Indian government. It outlines the powers and responsibilities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and can be amended through a rigorous process.

The Constitution safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens and serves as the foundation for India’s vibrant democracy, federal structure, and decentralized governance system.

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Home/Indian Polity/Indian Constitution/Page 33

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Harshit Gupta
  • 1
Harshit GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In: ,
  • 1

How have the constitutional amendments enacted in 2024 reshaped the legal and political landscape, and what specific changes do they introduce to address pressing contemporary issues?  How are these amendments expected to influence governance and policy-making in the coming years?

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  1. Arman Khan
    Arman Khan Begginer

    If you have questions about constitutional amendments or other political and legal changes prior to August 2023, I would be happy to share my knowledge and analysis to the best of my abilities based on the information available to me. However, for anything happening after that timeframe, I would sugRead more

    If you have questions about constitutional amendments or other political and legal changes prior to August 2023, I would be happy to share my knowledge and analysis to the best of my abilities based on the information available to me. However, for anything happening after that timeframe, I would suggest consulting more recent and authoritative sources that can provide the most current and accurate information.

    Please let me know if there is anything else I can assist with within the scope . I’m happy to help to the extent that I’m able.

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Ankita Sharma
  • 0
Ankita SharmaBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In: ,
  • 0

Discuss the significance of preamble to the Constitution of India. How does it reflect the core values and guiding principle of the nation?

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  1. Thrisha Pradeep
    Thrisha Pradeep Begginer

    Indian Constitution is known as the bulkiest constitution in the world. Indian Constitution consists of 444 Articles divided into 25 parts and 12 schedules. The objectives of the constitution were outlined in the Objective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13th December,1946. These resolutionsRead more

    Indian Constitution is known as the bulkiest constitution in the world. Indian Constitution consists of 444 Articles divided into 25 parts and 12 schedules. The objectives of the constitution were outlined in the Objective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13th December,1946. These resolutions were adopted on 22nd January,1947 by the assembly. The resolution was adopted with complete majority. The preamble of Indian constitution is based upon these resolutions.

    The constitution of India is preceded by preamble which outlines its aims and objectives;

    It reads,

    “We, the people of India,having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens:

    Justice,social, economic and political

    Liberty of thought, expression,belief,faith and worship

    Equality of status and of opportunity

    Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation.

    The preamble declares India sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and Republican state which draw its authority from the people. It intends to provide it’s citizens social economic and political justice. It assures them Liberty of thought, expression, belief,faith and worship. It assures equality of status and opportunity. It aims at securing a fraternity based on dignity of individual and it aims at securing the unity and integrity of the nation.

    The preamble has great value and has been described as ” key to the constitution”. It has helped the court to resolve various ambiguous points of the constitution and interpret it in the true spirit in which it was enacted by the farmers

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Paridhi
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ParidhiBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In:
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question
  1. Akhila Akhi
    Akhila Akhi Begginer

    The "basic structure" doctrine is an Indian judicial innovation which States that the constitution of India has certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed even through amendments by the legislature. It was first introduced by the supreme court of India in the landmark case of KeshavaRead more

    The “basic structure” doctrine is an Indian judicial innovation which States that the constitution of India has certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed even through amendments by the legislature. It was first introduced by the supreme court of India in the landmark case of Keshavananda bharati vs State of Kerala in 1973.

    Basic structure doctrine has prevented the state from bypassing the underlying principles of the constitution as follows.

    Preserving the spirit of the constitution:

    The basic structure doctrine has ensured over the years that the constitution cannot be tampered with arbitrary by the legislature or the executive.

    For example; in Keshavananda bharati vs State of Kerala(1973), the supreme court ruled that article 368 of the constitution did not provide the parliament the authority to change the basic structure of the constitution.

    Preserving judicial independence:

    The basic structure doctrine has helped preserve  judicial independence in india by empowering the judiciary to strike down unconstitutional laws.

    For example: the NJAC act,2014 which aimed to replace the collegium system for appointing judges was struck down by the sc in 2015.

    Upholding secularism:

    The doctrine has prevented the State from adopting measures that would undermine the secular nature of the polity.

    For example: In the case of S.R Bommai vs union of India (1994), the supreme court held that secularism is a part of the basic structure.

    The basic structure doctrine has thus helped to ensure that the constitution remains the ultimate authority in the country,and that the principles of federalism, secularism, democracy and fundamental rights are upheld.

     

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Sorry it's a private question.

Deven kulsange
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Deven kulsangeBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In:
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Que. Describe the various changes made in the Constitution by the 42nd and 44th Constitutional Amendment Acts. 250w

amendments in the indian constitutionindian constitution
  1. Paridhi
    Paridhi Begginer

    The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 brought various comprehensive changes in the constitution of India and therefore is also known as the "mini constitution" of India. The key changes brought by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 includes- 1) The words 'socialist', 'secular' and 'integrity' were added to the PRead more

    The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 brought various comprehensive changes in the constitution of India and therefore is also known as the “mini constitution” of India.
    The key changes brought by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 includes-
    1) The words ‘socialist’, ‘secular’ and ‘integrity’ were added to the Preamble.
    2) It introduced Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) in part IV-A of the constitution.
    3) The scope of Directive Principles of State Policy was widened.
    4) The power of Judicial Review within the Supreme court and High courts were restricted.
    5) Article 368 was amended, courts were no longer allowed to challenge the constitutionality of amendments.
    6) Emergency provisions were altered and the President’s powers to declare and extend emergencies were broadened.
    7) ‘Concurrent list’ was introduced and various subjects of the State list were shifted to concurrent list.
    8)This amendment provided reservation to SC’s and ST’s in legislative bodies.
    9) Provision was added for the creation of an administrative tribunal in relation to public services.
    10) The tenure of lok sabha and state legislative assemblies increased from 5 to 6 years.
           To nullify various provisions of 42nd Amendment Act, the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 was enacted which brought the following changes-
    1) It restored the importance of Fundamental Rights.
    2) The power of Judicial Review was restored.
    3) It  declared the grounds for emergencies (Article352) i.e. war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
    4) Check on the president’s power during the emergency was revived.
    5) Right to property was removed as a fundamental right and was made a legal right.
    6) It also removed censorship from the media to report activities of parliament.

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Deven kulsange
  • 1
Deven kulsangeBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In: , ,
  • 1

Q 1. Describe the various constitutional provisions for the protection and development of women and children in India. 200 w

indian constitutionprotection of childrensrole of women
  1. Garima Gambhir
    Garima Gambhir Begginer

    Numerous articles proposed to boost and ensure girls and minors are granted permission under the Indian Constitution. These paragraphs safeguard their rights and advance their prosperity. The following are a few noticeable points: Right to Equality (Article 14): It guarantees that babies and women hRead more

    Numerous articles proposed to boost and ensure girls and minors are granted permission under the Indian Constitution. These paragraphs safeguard their rights and advance their prosperity. The following are a few noticeable points:

    Right to Equality (Article 14): It guarantees that babies and women have unchanging permissible rights.

    Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 15): It is illegitimate to fool girls and juveniles on the footing of their race, myth, social class, sexuality, or place of beginning. Women and infants were granted permission to catch bias from the United States of America.

    Equal potential (Article 16): This guarantees that all crowds, containing wives, have an equal approach to task potential.

    Right to Education (Article 21A): All toddlers between six and fourteen are labeled to free and binding instruction.

    Protection Against Exploitation (Article 23): Outlaws forced work, containing offspring labor, and human dealing.

    Prohibition of Child Labor (Article 24): Under 14-period-olds are not within the allowed limits to introduce mines, laboratories, or additional hazardous tasks.

    Promotion of Interests (Article 39): The State is necessary to confirm that minors’s sensitive age and the fitness and substance of laborers, either male or female, are not harmed. Equal rectification for equal work is another of Allure’s main aims for two together people of a community.

    Maternity Relief (Article 42): The State concedes the possibility deal with the supply of a period of being pregnant with child remedy as well as fair and appropriate occupied environments.

    Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): It is the blame of villagers to give up conduct that belittles the value of mothers and to specify juveniles’ approach to instruction.

    Together, these constitutional provisions safeguard daughters’s and teenagers’s rights, advancing their progress and happiness in India.

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Vaishnavi Kulyal
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Vaishnavi KulyalBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In: ,
  • 2

This question is based on whether the students with reserved seats feel insecure of their abilities even after performing well or is it the General category suffering the most, not getting what they deserve. 

indian education systemquestionreservation system in india
  1. kavya dammala
    kavya dammala Begginer

    I feel that the reservation system in India has started to make every human equal in the society. But the reservation system in Indian education doesn't give equal opportunity to every student, it makes unreserved students have more advantage because of the difference in marks. Every student puts saRead more

    I feel that the reservation system in India has started to make every human equal in the society. But the reservation system in Indian education doesn’t give equal opportunity to every student, it makes unreserved students have more advantage because of the difference in marks. Every student puts same effort and there will be a difference in the colleges which reserved and unreserved student enters after getting same results.

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Vaishnavi Kulyal
  • 3
Vaishnavi KulyalBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In: , , , , ,
  • 3

This statement or question is based on if the people with reserved category faces the problem of insecurity even after being capable enough for the job or position or is it the General category suffering the most in getting the ...

indian education systemquestionreservation system in india
  1. Shreya Bajaj
    Shreya Bajaj Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    In India, reservation is a caste-based affirmative action policy. In layman's terms, it is the practice of reserving seats in government jobs and educational institutions, for specific groups of people. The system was established to elevate the highly neglected and deprived backward castes ( unpriviRead more

    In India, reservation is a caste-based affirmative action policy. In layman’s terms, it is the practice of reserving seats in government jobs and educational institutions, for specific groups of people. The system was established to elevate the highly neglected and deprived backward castes ( unprivileged) to the same level as the upper castes.

    Although the system boosts the self-esteem of people from different unprivileged groups and gives them a chance to showcase their talent, people from the general category have to take a back seat and watch their dreams get crushed.
    In today’s society, even an above-average individual from a general category has very little chance of getting into a good government university because of all the reservations for the minor groups. No matter how skilled or talented an individual is, there is always a chance of him losing his seat to an undeserving candidate. This outlook can sometimes lead to self-doubts about one’s accomplishments, particularly for those who do not benefit from reservations and believe they must compete on a different level.

    Therefore, to achieve true equality of opportunity, systemic inequalities must be addressed, which may necessitate policies such as reservations to ensure fair treatment.

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Riddhi Singh
  • 2
Riddhi SinghBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 2

question
  1. Neel Patel
    Neel Patel Begginer

    France, as a country with a strong Christian heritage, has historically been criticized for its treatment of minorities, particularly Muslims. India, on the other hand, has a diverse population with many religious minorities, and its constitution enshrines secularism as a fundamental principle. HereRead more

    France, as a country with a strong Christian heritage, has historically been criticized for its treatment of minorities, particularly Muslims. India, on the other hand, has a diverse population with many religious minorities, and its constitution enshrines secularism as a fundamental principle. Here are some potential lessons France could learn from India’s approach to secularism:

    1. Recognize and respect minority rights: India’s constitution explicitly mentions the protection of minority rights, recognizing that all citizens have an equal right to live with dignity. France could benefit from recognizing and respecting the rights of its minority communities, including their cultural and religious practices.
    2. Separation of religion and state: Like India, France’s constitution separates the state from religion, ensuring that no one religion is favored over others. This principle can help prevent religious extremism and maintain social cohesion.
    3. Tolerance and inclusivity: India’s constitution promotes tolerance and inclusivity by recognizing the diversity of its population and seeking to promote harmony among people of different faiths. France could learn from this approach by promoting a more inclusive and tolerant society.
    4. Protection of minority places of worship: India’s constitution ensures the protection of minority places of worship, ensuring that they are not discriminated against or destroyed. France could consider enacting similar legislation to protect religious minorities’ places of worship.
    5. Promote interfaith dialogue and cooperation: India has seen significant progress in interfaith dialogue and cooperation between religious leaders and organizations. This has helped reduce tensions and promote understanding between different faiths. France could learn from this experience by fostering dialogue and cooperation between different religious groups.
    6. Education for social integration: India’s education system emphasizes social integration, promoting understanding and respect among people of different faiths. France could consider adopting similar educational initiatives to promote social cohesion.
    7. Legislative safeguards: India’s constitution has several provisions that safeguard the rights of minority communities, such as the protection of freedom of speech and expression. France could benefit from enacting similar legislation to protect the rights of its minority communities.
    8. Promote cultural diversity: India’s constitution celebrates its cultural diversity, recognizing the unique traditions and customs of its many ethnic groups. France could learn from this approach by promoting its own cultural diversity and celebrating its unique cultural heritage.

    By learning from India’s approach to secularism, France can strengthen its own commitment to human rights, promote social cohesion, and foster greater understanding between different religious communities.

    Some potential steps France could take include:

    • Recognizing the rights of minority communities and protecting their cultural practices
    • Encouraging interfaith dialogue and cooperation between religious leaders
    • Promoting education for social integration
    • Enacting legislation to protect minority places of worship
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Shristi Chopra
  • 0
Shristi ChopraBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In: ,
  • 0

  1. VISHAL KUMAR
    VISHAL KUMAR Begginer

    The relationship between the central (federal) government and state governments varies depending on the country's political structure. In general terms: Unitary System: Here, the central government has all the power and delegates authority to local governments as necessary. States or provinces do noRead more

    The relationship between the central (federal) government and state governments varies depending on the country’s political structure. In general terms:

    Unitary System: Here, the central government has all the power and delegates authority to local governments as necessary. States or provinces do not have much autonomy.

    Federal System: Powers are divided between the central government and state or provincial governments. Each level of government has its own sphere of authority, and they coexist independently within their respective areas.

    In federal systems like that of the United States or India:

    Division of Powers: The constitution typically outlines the powers of each level of government. The central government usually deals with national defense, foreign affairs, currency, and other overarching issues. State governments handle matters like education, healthcare, transportation, and local governance.

    Constitutional Framework: The constitution serves as the supreme law of the land and defines the powers and responsibilities of each level of government. It also often includes mechanisms for resolving disputes between the central and state governments.

    Interdependence: Both levels of government rely on each other to some extent. States may depend on the central government for funding or policy direction, while the central government may rely on states for implementation of policies and local governance.

    Coordination and Cooperation: While they operate independently within their spheres, effective governance often requires coordination and cooperation between the central and state governments. This can be achieved through mechanisms like intergovernmental meetings, councils, and joint decision-making bodies.

    Overall, the relationship between the central and state governments is crucial for the functioning of federal systems, aiming to balance national unity with regional autonomy and responsiveness.

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