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Amendments in Indian Constitution Provisions

The Constitution of India has provisions for amending its various provisions, ensuring its relevance and adaptability to changing times. The amendment process involves a rigorous procedure, requiring either a two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament or a simple majority plus ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.

Since its adoption in 1950, the Constitution has been amended over 100 times, addressing evolving needs and challenges faced by the country.

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Home/Indian Constitution/Amendments in Indian Constitution Provisions/Page 3

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

BLOSSOM FERNANDES_201028
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BLOSSOM FERNANDES_201028Begginer
Asked: July 31, 2024In: ,
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  1. Goral Bishnoi
    Goral Bishnoi Begginer

    The new budget for 2024 includes several significant measures aimed at supporting farmers and enhancing the agricultural sector: Increased Funding: The budget allocates ₹1.52 lakh crore to agriculture and allied sectors, marking a 20% increase from the previous year. This funding aims to improve proRead more

    The new budget for 2024 includes several significant measures aimed at supporting farmers and enhancing the agricultural sector:

    1. Increased Funding: The budget allocates ₹1.52 lakh crore to agriculture and allied sectors, marking a 20% increase from the previous year. This funding aims to improve productivity and support overall development in the sector​.
    2. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi: The allocation for this scheme, which provides direct financial assistance to farmers, remains at ₹60,000 crore, benefiting approximately 11.8 crore small and marginal farmers​.
    3. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Continued funding for this crop insurance scheme ensures protection against adverse weather conditions and other unforeseen events, aiming to cover around 4 crore farmers​.
    4. e-NAM Integration: Plans to integrate 1,361 more mandis into the electronic National Agricultural Market (e-NAM) will enhance market efficiency and transparency, benefiting 1.8 crore farmers​.
    5. Post-Harvest Infrastructure: The budget emphasizes public-private partnerships to reduce post-harvest losses by improving infrastructure and storage facilities. This initiative is expected to boost food security and economic growth​.
    6. Atmanirbhar Oil Seeds Abhiyan: This initiative focuses on achieving self-sufficiency in edible oil production by promoting the cultivation of high-yielding oilseed varieties and improving market linkages​.
    7. Nano DAP Adoption: Following the success of Nano Urea, the budget promotes the use of Nano DAP, a more efficient and cost-effective fertilizer, to reduce dependency on imports​.
    8. Dairy Development: A comprehensive Dairy Development program, supported by an allocation of ₹29,610.25 crore over three years, aims to enhance productivity, diversify products, and improve animal health management​.
    9. Aquaculture Expansion: The budget aims to boost aquaculture productivity and double exports by establishing integrated aquaparks, creating significant job opportunities​.

    These measures collectively aim to modernize Indian agriculture, improve farmers’ income, and ensure food security while fostering sustainability and self-reliance.

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Megha Yadav
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Megha YadavBegginer
Asked: July 29, 2024In: , ,
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agricultureeconomicsquestion
  1. Ariba
    Ariba Begginer

    Agriculture was the main focus of the first five-year plan (1951-1956). It emphasizes the development of the primary sector and increasing agricultural production thus making India self-reliant in food grain production. The following are the effects on agriculture of the first 5-year plan- 1. InstitRead more

    Agriculture was the main focus of the first five-year plan (1951-1956). It emphasizes the development of the primary sector and increasing agricultural production thus making India self-reliant in food grain production. The following are the effects on agriculture of the first 5-year plan-

    1. Institutional or land reforms – It aims at the abolition of the zamindars and intermediaries that exploit farmers. It lays a maximum limit or ceiling on the land holdings to prevent the concentration of land to one person to bring equity between the rich and poor farmers Consolidation of land holdings and cooperative farming is also implemented.

    2. Credit facility– Provisions for providing cheap credit which is easily available for the farmers.

    3. Irrigation facility– Irrigation facilities are improved significantly for better production and agricultural yield. Dams are also built by the government to provide water to fields ( Eg-Tehri dam)

    4. Modern agricultural implements– The use of scientific farming techniques, high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides are encouraged to get a better yield.

    5. Research centers – Various research centers are established by the government to conduct research work on agriculture.

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: July 26, 2024In: , , , , , , , , ,
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question
  1. B Deepsikha
    B Deepsikha Begginer

    Our history has been an evidence to why the roles of men and women are confined to their so called respective fields. The cause is just right before our eyes and it's the very psychology of a human that is our mindset , how we think , what we think and to what extent . Keeping the genetic factors asRead more

    Our history has been an evidence to why the roles of men and women are confined to their so called respective fields. The cause is just right before our eyes and it’s the very psychology of a human that is our mindset , how we think , what we think and to what extent . Keeping the genetic factors aside we are a material of our environment. We imitate what we see. History has always been in support of patriarchal society, where the women have almost no rights to earn a living and have to depend on certain male figure to make their ends meet.

    Culturally and socially our history has been dominated by males which is the exact reason why even in the 21st century there are so many women who are still relying on a male figure for their basic necessities.

    It has been a long engraved mindset which wouldn’t disappear at a snap of figure especially in the backward areas where people are still prone to many such prejudices and discrimination .

    Even till today there exists this culture of building the mindset of a girl to be limited to their social constraints and not to do anything beyond what’s socially acceptable.

    We have come a long way from the women suffrage movement to the women quotas at workplace. If we continue to build the young minds to be more open and engaging in the equal treatment of all human , there will be a build up of financial independence and confidence despite the gender.

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Anupama K
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Anupama KBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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Briefly explain about the Article 26 (1) Explain significance of RTE – Article 21(A) Explain about School Education Quality Index (SEQI)

amendmentsconstitution of indiaeducationnew amendmentright to education
  1. Raudas Singh
    Raudas Singh Begginer

    The Indian Constitution has several provisions related to education, which are enshrined in Articles 29 to 31 of the Constitution. Here are some key provisions: Article 29: Right of Minorities to Education Recognizes the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of theRead more

    The Indian Constitution has several provisions related to education, which are enshrined in Articles 29 to 31 of the Constitution. Here are some key provisions:

    Article 29: Right of Minorities to Education

    • Recognizes the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
    • Protects the right of minorities to manage their own educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities.

    Article 30: Right of Anglo-Indian Community

    • Grants the Anglo-Indian community the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
    • Provides for the reservation of seats for Anglo-Indians in educational institutions.

    Article 30A: Prohibition on Endowment and Restrictions on Educational Institutions

    • Prohibits the endowment of any educational institution or the restriction on its reception or management by any class or community.
    • Bars the government from interfering with the management or administration of any educational institution.

    Article 31: Compulsory Education

    • Makes education a fundamental right for children between the ages of 6 and 14 (later extended to 18 by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002).

    • Mandates that the state provide free and compulsory education for all children in the age group.

    Article 32: Fundamental Right to Education

    • Recognizes education as a fundamental right under Article 21 (right to life and liberty) and Article 19 (right to freedom of speech and expression).
    • Empowers the Supreme Court to issue directions or orders for the realization of this fundamental right.

    Key directives and judgments

    • The Supreme Court’s judgment in T.M.A. Pai Foundation vs. State of Karnataka (2003) emphasized the importance of reservation in private unaided educational institutions.
    • The judgment in Imrana Qadri vs. Union of India (2014) upheld the constitutionality of the Right to Education Act, 2009.
    • The Supreme Court has also issued several directions and orders to ensure access to education for marginalized communities, such as Dalits, Adivasis, and Muslims.
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Anupama K
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Anupama KBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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What are the two landmark judgements in India in the last ten years? Briefly explain about NOTA judgement in the year of 2013

amendmentsindian constitutionjudgementsjudiciarynew amendmentparliament of india
  1. Vinni Bihari
    Vinni Bihari Begginer

    In the last ten years, two landmark judgments in India are: Aadhaar Judgment (2018): In the Puttaswamy judgment (2018), the Supreme Court of India ruled that the Right to Privacy is a fundamental right guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. The court also held that the Aadhaar scheme, a biometricRead more

    In the last ten years, two landmark judgments in India are:

    1. Aadhaar Judgment (2018): In the Puttaswamy judgment (2018), the Supreme Court of India ruled that the Right to Privacy is a fundamental right guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. The court also held that the Aadhaar scheme, a biometric identification program, is constitutional but only if it meets certain conditions, including the requirement of consent and the data must be used for the purpose it was collected.
    2. Sabarimala Verdict (2018): In the Indian Young Lawyers Association vs. State of Kerala judgment (2018), the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on women’s entry into the Sabarimala Temple in Kerala, allowing women of all ages to worship at the temple. The court ruled that this restriction was unconstitutional and violative of Article 14 (equality) and Article 25 (freedom of conscience) of the Indian Constitution.

    Now, about the NOTA Judgment in 2013:

    NOTA Judgement (2013): In 2013, the Supreme Court of India ruled in the case of People’s Union for Civil Liberties vs. Union of India that a voter has the right to exercise a “None of the Above” (NOTA) option in an election. This option allows voters to choose NOTA if they are dissatisfied with all the candidates contesting an election. The court held that this option is essential for democratic governance and would help to ensure that voters are not forced to vote for a candidate they do not want.

    The NOTA option was introduced by the Election Commission of India through an amendment to Rule 49(0) of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, in January 2013. The option is available to all electors, except those who are voting by postal ballot or proxy.

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Vamika Kohli
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Vamika KohliBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Should developing countries such as India prioritize economic growth over stringent environmental regulations, given their need to improve living standards and reduce poverty? Why or why not?

climate changedeveloping nationseconomic developmentgreen economypolicy dilemmaspovertyquestionresource managementsustainabilitysustainable growthurbanisation
  1. Shehla Iram
    Shehla Iram Begginer

    The debate between economic growth and environmental protection in developing countries is  complex and essential . On one hand, economic growth is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and providing better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Many developing nations relyRead more

    The debate between economic growth and environmental protection in developing countries is  complex and essential . On one hand, economic growth is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and providing better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Many developing nations rely on industrialization, urbanization, and exploitation of natural resources to fuel this growth.  This often comes at the cost of environmental degradation, including deforestation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. On the other hand, environmental protection is crucial for ensuring long-term sustainability and the health of populations. Developing countries face the challenge of balancing these competing priorities. A focus only on economic growth can lead to severe environmental damage, which in turn can undermine future economic prospects by depleting natural resources and causing health problems. Likewise , stringent environmental regulations can hinder economic development by increasing costs and limiting industrial activities. So, the solution lies in adopting a sustainable development model that integrates economic growth with environmental stewardship. This includes investing in green technologies, enforcing environmental regulations, and promoting practices that minimize ecological footprints. International support, through financial aid and technology transfer, is also important to help developing countries achieve this balance.

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Sorry it's a private question.

Gitanjali Reena
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Gitanjali ReenaBegginer
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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Examine critically the applicability of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act in modifying the reservations policy as a means of achieving India’s social justice goals.

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Shehla Iram
    Shehla Iram Begginer

    The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2019, introduced a 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in education and public employment, marking a significant shift in India's reservation policy. Earlier, reservations were aimed at addressing historical injustices and socialRead more

    The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2019, introduced a 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in education and public employment, marking a significant shift in India’s reservation policy. Earlier, reservations were aimed at addressing historical injustices and social disadvantages faced by Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). This amendment extends benefits based on economic criteria, regardless of caste. Its relevance lies in acknowledging economic hardship as a barrier to social mobility,  broadening the scope of social justice. The Supporters argue that it addresses the needs of economically disadvantaged groups who do not fall under existing reserved categories,  promoting inclusive growth. Critics says that this economic-based reservation may dilute the original intention of reservations, which is to rectify systemic social discrimination. Additionally, the 10% EWS quota raises questions about the practical implementation and potential overlap with existing quotas, which already account for 50% of seats. The amendment also risks perpetuating the reliance on quotas as a solution, rather than addressing structural inequalities through comprehensive socio-economic reforms. Thus,the 103rd Amendment aims to expand the ambit of social justice, its long-term impact on achieving genuine equity and inclusion remains to be critically evaluated.

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Ananya Gupta
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Ananya GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In: ,
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What are the historical and contemporary challenges in implementing communist ideologies in diverse global contexts?

  1. bhoomi bindra
    bhoomi bindra Begginer

    Going back in history we can see that the earliest communist movements have faced strong opposition from the political front. As the communists come into power they face difficulty fulfilling their promises of creating an equal and just society. The USSR and China both saw initial growth in economicRead more

    Going back in history we can see that the earliest communist movements have faced strong opposition from the political front. As the communists come into power they face difficulty fulfilling their promises of creating an equal and just society. The USSR and China both saw initial growth in economic trends but faced a downfall due to a lack of incentives and economic stagnation.

    In present times, the main challenge in the implementation of communist principles is that the world is largely capitalistic. The countries which seem to be communist are supposedly facing isolation from the world. Technological advancement and rapid globalization have changed the socio-economic dynamics which made it difficult to deal within the traditional communist model.

    Another challenge the communists face is social and political resistance as the people love and value their democracy and personal freedom which are very limited in communist countries. Also, the lack of transparency in the governance of the country can erode the public trust in the government.

    Overall, the challenges of implementing communism include economic inefficiencies, international isolation, resistance to political and social control, and adapting to a modern globalized world.

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