Sign Up

Have an account?

Sign In

Don't have account,

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.


Have an account?

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask a question.

Need An Account,

Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.

Search
Ask A Question

Federal Structure

India’s federal structure is a key feature of its constitutional framework, dividing powers between the Union government and state governments. The states have their own elected legislative assemblies, executive branches, and judicial systems, granting them significant autonomy in policy decisions.

This balanced federalism, with a system of checks and balances, ensures effective governance and accommodates the diverse needs of India’s vast and heterogeneous population.

Share
Followers
68 Answers
48 Questions
Home/Indian Polity/Federal Structure

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Ajay Sundar
  • 0
Ajay SundarLearner
Asked: February 18, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define Centre-State relations and their significance in Indian federalism. Briefly mention the recent changes and the context of these changes. Recent Changes Introduced by the Union Government 15th Finance Commission’s Recommendations: Discuss the reduction of states’ share in central taxes ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Centre-State relations in India have seen notable changes recently, particularly in the context of cooperative federalism and fiscal management. The 15th Finance Commission's recommendations, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), and the contentious faRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Centre-State relations in India have seen notable changes recently, particularly in the context of cooperative federalism and fiscal management. The 15th Finance Commission’s recommendations, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), and the contentious farm laws have all influenced this dynamic relationship.

    Recent Changes Introduced by the Union Government

    1. 15th Finance Commission’s Recommendations: The Centre has implemented the recommendation to reduce the states’ share in central taxes from 42% to 41%. This adjustment acknowledges the fiscal challenges while considering the needs of newly formed Union Territories like Jammu & Kashmir .
    2. Introduction of GST: While GST aimed to unify the Indian market, it has led to financial stress for states, particularly due to delays in compensation payments. Several states have expressed concerns over these delays, which strain their budgets .
    3. Farm Laws: The controversial farm laws enacted by the Centre aimed at agricultural reform but faced significant backlash from states like Punjab and Haryana, which argued that agriculture is a state subject and that these laws infringed upon their legislative powers .
    4. Establishment of NITI Aayog: The transition from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog was intended to promote cooperative federalism. However, some states feel that decision-making remains overly centralized .
    5. Increase in Centrally Sponsored Schemes: The rise in centrally sponsored schemes has reduced the financial autonomy of states, as they are often required to contribute funds, limiting their flexibility in local development priorities .
    6. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) Scheme: The DBT has centralized welfare disbursement, reducing state control over social welfare programs, which may not always align with local needs .

    Measures to Build Trust and Strengthen Federalism

    1. Strengthening the Inter-State Council: Revitalizing this council can foster dialogue on policy decisions and disputes, ensuring inclusiveness in governance .
    2. Timely GST Compensation: Ensuring timely compensation will help maintain fiscal stability and trust between the Centre and states.
    3. More Autonomy in Centrally Sponsored Schemes: Empowering states to tailor schemes according to local needs will enhance efficiency .
    4. Cooperative Federalism through NITI Aayog: Involving states in key decisions will promote shared ownership of national development goals .
    5. Resolving Disputes through Consensus: A collaborative approach to resolving issues like river water-sharing disputes can reduce friction .
    6. Constitutional Clarity on State Subjects: Clearly defining powers and responsibilities will minimize conflicts and enhance cooperative federalism .
    7. Fiscal Empowerment of States: Revisiting the 15th Finance Commission’s recommendations to provide greater fiscal autonomy will ensure balanced development.
    8. Collaborative Policy Formulation: Engaging states in the early stages of policy formulation will foster a sense of ownership and cooperation.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, nurturing India’s federal structure through mutual trust and cooperation is essential for effective governance. Strengthening Centre-State relations through dialogue, financial autonomy, and clear constitutional definitions will enhance the foundation of Indian democracy.

    See less
Dinesh Raghavan
  • 0
Dinesh RaghavanBegginer
Asked: January 11, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the Scope of the Question: Briefly introduce the concept of India’s federal structure. Explain the importance of inter-governmental institutions in the context of federalism, particularly in a country like India with diverse states and regions. Mention the role ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Importance of Federal Inter-Governmental Institutions in India India’s federal inter-governmental institutions play a pivotal role in fostering communication and dialogue between the Centre and states. These platforms facilitate cooperative federalism, which is essential for addressingRead more

    Model Answer

    Importance of Federal Inter-Governmental Institutions in India

    India’s federal inter-governmental institutions play a pivotal role in fostering communication and dialogue between the Centre and states. These platforms facilitate cooperative federalism, which is essential for addressing unresolved governance issues. While the mechanisms are vital, their effectiveness is shaped by both strengths and challenges.

    Strengths of Federal Institutions

    Fostering Cooperative Federalism
    Institutions like the Inter-State Council and NITI Aayog serve as key platforms for dialogue between the Centre and states. The Inter-State Council, for example, has facilitated discussions on critical issues like interstate water disputes, creating an avenue for resolution (source: Government of India). Such interactions help resolve conflicts and promote cooperation across levels of governance.

    Strategic Policy Vision and Regional Development
    NITI Aayog has played an instrumental role in shaping India’s national strategies, such as the 15-year road map and 7-year action plan, by actively involving states in policy formulation. Similarly, Zonal Councils ensure balanced regional development and resolve state-level issues, fostering stronger union-state relations.

    Fiscal Federalism
    The GST Council stands out as a significant example of how inter-governmental institutions address fiscal governance issues. For instance, the resolution on the GST compensation mechanism was crucial in addressing the revenue loss concerns of states after the GST rollout.

    Challenges Facing Federal Institutions

    Infrequent Meetings
    Despite the constitutional mandate, the Inter-State Council has met only 11 times since 1990, hindering its potential as a regular platform for dialogue (source: Ministry of Home Affairs).

    Political Will and Trust Deficit
    Political differences often impede effective cooperation between the Centre and states. The absence of key state leaders in NITI Aayog’s Governing Council meeting exemplifies the lack of political will and trust.

    Conclusion

    India’s federal institutions are crucial in addressing governance issues, but their effectiveness can be improved by ensuring regular meetings, clearer mandates, and enhanced political cooperation. Efforts to reduce political differences and ensure transparency can further strengthen these platforms.

    See less
Darshan Suresh
  • 0
Darshan SureshBegginer
Asked: January 11, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction (approx. 100-150 words) Define Asymmetric Federalism: Start by defining what asymmetric federalism means—where different states or regions within a federation are granted unequal powers, privileges, or autonomy based on their unique conditions or historical contexts. Contextualize the ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Necessity of Asymmetry in India's Federalism India's federalism is inherently asymmetric, characterized by unequal power distribution and distinct political, administrative, and fiscal relations between the center and states. While asymmetric federalism has been a fundamental feature ofRead more

    Model Answer

    Necessity of Asymmetry in India’s Federalism

    India’s federalism is inherently asymmetric, characterized by unequal power distribution and distinct political, administrative, and fiscal relations between the center and states. While asymmetric federalism has been a fundamental feature of India’s political structure, its necessity remains a subject of debate.

    1. Historical Context and Integration

    Asymmetric federalism was crucial for India’s integration after independence. The country emerged from British rule, with regions directly under British governance and 216 princely states, each with varying degrees of autonomy. Special provisions, like Article 370 for Jammu and Kashmir, were designed to integrate these regions into the Union. This was essential in ensuring national unity and preventing fragmentation (Source: Constitution of India, Article 370).

    2. Ensuring National Security and Unity

    Asymmetric arrangements were also key to ensuring national security and political stability. For example, the Sixth Schedule provided autonomy to tribal areas in the northeastern states, transforming erstwhile insurgents into important stakeholders within the Indian polity. This helped address regional security concerns while maintaining unity in a diverse nation (Source: Constitution of India, Sixth Schedule).

    3. Recognition of Diversity

    India’s diversity, in terms of languages, cultures, and regional aspirations, makes asymmetric federalism necessary to ensure that local contexts are considered in governance. Special provisions under Article 371 grant states like Nagaland and Andhra Pradesh specific privileges based on their distinct needs, ensuring policies align with local aspirations (Source: Constitution of India, Article 371).

    4. Economic and Administrative Factors

    India’s diverse states face varying economic challenges. Larger states with bigger populations need more fiscal resources for public service delivery. This makes asymmetric fiscal federalism essential, as mechanisms like the Finance Commission help allocate resources more equitably (Source: Finance Commission Reports).

    Conclusion

    Despite criticisms of resource misallocation and regional disparities, asymmetric federalism is essential for India to accommodate its diverse needs, ensure national unity, and provide equitable governance. It remains a necessary feature to manage the country’s complexity, particularly in promoting cooperative federalism where all groups can have a voice.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define Financial Emergency as per Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Mention its historical context, noting that it has never been invoked in India. Circumstances for Proclaiming Financial Emergency Explain the conditions under which the President can declare a Financial ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Financial Emergency, outlined in Article 360 of the Indian Constitution, is one of the three emergencies the President of India can proclaim. Notably, it has never been imposed in independent India. This provision aims to safeguard the nation’s financial stability and crediRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Financial Emergency, outlined in Article 360 of the Indian Constitution, is one of the three emergencies the President of India can proclaim. Notably, it has never been imposed in independent India. This provision aims to safeguard the nation’s financial stability and creditworthiness during critical situations.

    Circumstances for Proclaiming Financial Emergency

    According to Article 360, the President may declare a Financial Emergency if they believe that the financial stability or credit of India—or any part thereof—is under threat. This could occur due to various factors, such as:

    • Severe fiscal deficits that jeopardize government operations.
    • Economic shocks, such as a sharp decline in GDP or global financial crises.
    • Insolvency issues affecting key state or central government institutions.

    These circumstances necessitate immediate intervention to prevent further economic decline.

    Consequences of Financial Emergency

    The declaration of a Financial Emergency triggers several important consequences:

    1. Executive Authority: The central government gains extensive powers to direct states on financial propriety. This includes issuing instructions to ensure compliance with financial norms and regulations.
    2. Reduction of Salaries: The President can reduce the salaries and allowances of all Central and State government employees, including judges of the Supreme and High Courts. This measure aims to control public expenditure during financial distress.
    3. Legislative Implications: All Money Bills and financial legislation passed by State Legislatures must be reserved for the President’s consideration. Additionally, the President can direct reductions in salaries for Members of Parliament (MPs) and Members of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs).
    4. Suspension of Fundamental Rights: While not explicitly stated, the enforcement of the Directive Principles of State Policy may take precedence over Fundamental Rights during a Financial Emergency, allowing for stricter governance measures.

    Conclusion

    Understanding the provisions and implications of Financial Emergency is vital for grasping the constitutional mechanisms in place to address financial crises in India. While it has never been invoked, the potential consequences could significantly affect government functioning and the economy, emphasizing the need for careful management of public finances.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the Inter-State Council’s contribution to the advancement of cooperative federalism in India critically. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

uppsc: federal structure
  1. Manish Chadha
    Manish Chadha Begginer

    Role of the Inter-State Council in Promoting Co-operative Federalism 1. Purpose and Function: The Inter-State Council (ISC) was established under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution to promote co-operative federalism by facilitating dialogue between the Centre and states on issues of mutual conceRead more

    Role of the Inter-State Council in Promoting Co-operative Federalism

    1. Purpose and Function:
    The Inter-State Council (ISC) was established under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution to promote co-operative federalism by facilitating dialogue between the Centre and states on issues of mutual concern. Its main role is to resolve disputes and coordinate policies.

    2. Achievements:
    The ISC has played a role in policy coordination, such as discussions on GST implementation and flood management. It serves as a platform for states and central government to address inter-state issues and ensure collaborative governance.

    3. Criticisms:
    However, its effectiveness has been questioned due to infrequent meetings and limited impact on major federal disputes. For instance, it had a limited role in the recent farm laws dispute, highlighting its ineffectiveness in resolving critical issues.

    4. Recent Example:
    In the context of COVID-19 management, while the ISC discussed various measures, state-central coordination often remained ad-hoc rather than systematically resolved through the council.

    Conclusion:
    The ISC aims to foster co-operative federalism, but its limited frequency and variable impact suggest the need for a more dynamic role in ensuring effective federal collaboration.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
  • 0

“The Indian President cannot turn into a despot.” Describe. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

uppsc: federal structure
  1. Manish Chadha
    Manish Chadha Begginer

    The President of India Cannot Become a Dictator: Explanation 1. Constitutional Framework: The Indian Constitution restricts the President's powers to prevent dictatorial rule. The President's role is largely ceremonial and executive functions are carried out based on Prime Ministerial advice. 2. CheRead more

    The President of India Cannot Become a Dictator: Explanation

    1. Constitutional Framework:
    The Indian Constitution restricts the President’s powers to prevent dictatorial rule. The President’s role is largely ceremonial and executive functions are carried out based on Prime Ministerial advice.

    2. Checks and Balances:
    The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers are accountable to the Parliament, not the President. The President cannot act unilaterally or overrule the decisions of the government.

    3. Recent Examples:
    In 2018, President Ram Nath Kovind did not intervene in the Kerala Assembly resolution against the Supreme Court’s Sabarimala verdict, demonstrating adherence to the Constitutional limits.

    4. Impeachment:
    The President can be removed through an impeachment process involving both Houses of Parliament, ensuring democratic control over the office.

    In conclusion, the President’s powers are limited and regulated by the Constitution, preventing any dictatorial tendencies.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define federalism and its significance in the context of the Indian Constitution. Introduce the concept of “quasi-federalism,” highlighting the dual nature of the Constitution that combines federal and unitary features. State the thesis: While federalism is a fundamental principle, ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer The Indian Constitution is often characterized as "quasi-federal" due to its unique blend of federal and unitary features. While it establishes a federal structure, it predominantly favors a strong central government, which raises concerns about the strength of federalism. Features FavoRead more

    Model Answer

    The Indian Constitution is often characterized as “quasi-federal” due to its unique blend of federal and unitary features. While it establishes a federal structure, it predominantly favors a strong central government, which raises concerns about the strength of federalism.

    Features Favoring a Strong Centre

    Division of Powers

    The Constitution delineates powers between the Centre and the States through three lists: the Union List, the State List, and the Concurrent List (Article 246). The Union List contains subjects of national importance, such as defense and atomic energy, where only the Centre can legislate. In contrast, conflicts arising in the Concurrent List favor Central laws over State laws (Article 254), undermining state autonomy.

    Emergency Powers

    The Centre possesses extensive emergency powers under Articles 352, 356, and 360. During a national emergency, the Centre can legislate on State List subjects, and President’s Rule can be imposed, transferring state powers to the Centre. This has led to criticisms of misuse, especially against opposition-led states.

    All-India Services

    The Constitution establishes All-India Services, such as the IAS and IPS (Article 312), which are recruited and trained by the Centre but serve in the States. This fosters uniformity and allows the Centre to exert control over state administration.

    Role of the Governor

    Governors, appointed by the President, hold discretionary powers, including reserving bills for the President’s consideration. Critics argue this role often leans towards central interests, undermining state authority.

    Financial Relations

    The Centre has greater control over financial resources (Articles 268-293), often leaving States with limited bargaining power in revenue distribution. This financial dependency further weakens state autonomy.

    Conclusion

    While the Indian Constitution embodies a federal structure, its unitary features are designed to ensure national unity and effective governance. The challenge lies in maintaining a balance that prevents the centralization of power while respecting state autonomy. The evolution of cooperative federalism, as seen in bodies like the GST Council, illustrates the potential for collaboration between the Centre and States, promoting a more equitable federal system.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Definition of Cooperative Federalism: Briefly define cooperative federalism and its importance in the Indian context. Contextual Relevance: Mention the increasing emphasis on cooperative federalism in recent years to address national challenges. 2. Body A. Drawbacks in the Existing Structure Imbalance ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Cooperative federalism in India emphasizes collaboration between the central and state governments to foster inclusive growth and address national challenges. However, the existing federal structure has several drawbacks that hinder its effectiveness. Drawbacks in the ExistRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Cooperative federalism in India emphasizes collaboration between the central and state governments to foster inclusive growth and address national challenges. However, the existing federal structure has several drawbacks that hinder its effectiveness.

    Drawbacks in the Existing Structure

    1. Imbalance of Financial Resources: The central government retains a larger share of financial resources, leading to a dependency on central grants. This creates fiscal imbalances among states, limiting their ability to address local needs effectively .
    2. Overlapping Jurisdictions: The presence of concurrent subjects in the Constitution, such as education and forests, often results in overlapping jurisdictions. This can lead to disputes between the center and states, complicating governance .
    3. Centralized Planning: Historically, centralized planning has overlooked the specific needs of states and regions, hampering their development. This top-down approach often fails to consider local contexts .
    4. Ineffective Coordination: Poor coordination between the center and states in implementing policies has resulted in inefficiencies and duplication of efforts, undermining the effectiveness of various programs .
    5. Politicization of Issues: Political differences between the central and state governments can impede cooperation, adversely affecting policy implementation and leading to conflicts that detract from developmental goals .

    Extent to Which Cooperative Federalism Addresses These Shortcomings

    Cooperative federalism has the potential to mitigate these issues through several mechanisms:

    • Financial Devolution: The 14th Finance Commission increased states’ share in central taxes from 32% to 42%, promoting a more equitable distribution of resources and empowering states to meet their development needs .
    • Collaborative Policy-Making: The NITI Aayog involves states in formulating national policies, fostering a spirit of cooperation and ensuring that local concerns are addressed .
    • Enhanced Coordination: Centrally sponsored schemes are increasingly designed with flexibility to accommodate states’ specific requirements, promoting better coordination .
    • Conflict Resolution: The Inter-State Council, established under Article 263, serves as a platform for resolving disputes and fostering cooperation between states and the center .

    Conclusion

    While cooperative federalism offers promising solutions to the structural drawbacks of India’s federal system, its success hinges on a commitment from both levels of government to collaborate effectively, setting aside political differences for national development.

    See less
Reena Bhatt
  • 0
Reena BhattBegginer
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the concept of Indian federalism. Mention the quasi-federal nature and the distribution of powers. State that the Principle of Federal Supremacy and Harmonious Construction are crucial in resolving disputes regarding legislative powers. 2. Principle of Federal Supremacy Definition: ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Indian federal system exhibits a quasi-federal nature, where the central government wields greater authority than state governments. In this framework, the Principle of Federal Supremacy and the Harmonious Construction doctrine are pivotal in addressing disputes relatedRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Indian federal system exhibits a quasi-federal nature, where the central government wields greater authority than state governments. In this framework, the Principle of Federal Supremacy and the Harmonious Construction doctrine are pivotal in addressing disputes related to the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and State Governments.

    Principle of Federal Supremacy

    The distribution of legislative powers in India is enshrined in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, which categorizes subjects into three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. According to Article 246, when conflicts arise between Union and State laws on subjects within the Concurrent List, Union law prevails. This establishes the Principle of Federal Supremacy. A landmark case illustrating this principle is Tika Ramji vs. State of Uttar Pradesh (1956), where the Supreme Court upheld the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, asserting that the Union law takes precedence over conflicting state legislation (Source: Supreme Court judgments).

    Harmonious Construction

    The Harmonious Construction approach is employed by the judiciary to interpret and reconcile conflicting provisions of Union and State laws, ensuring their harmonious coexistence. This principle was significantly applied in the case of State of Rajasthan vs. G. Chawla (1959), where the Supreme Court analyzed the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, against the Rajasthan Public Servants (Salaries and Allowances) Act, 1956. The Court concluded that both laws could operate within their respective domains without conflict, thereby promoting a cooperative federal framework (Source: Supreme Court judgments).

    Conclusion

    The Principle of Federal Supremacy and Harmonious Construction are essential doctrines that facilitate the resolution of contentious legislative power disputes in India. They foster a balanced and harmonious relationship within the constitutional framework, ensuring that both Union and State laws can coexist effectively.

    See less
Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 16, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the concept of federalism in India. State the significance of cooperation, competition, and confrontation in shaping the Indian federation. Cooperation Define cooperative federalism and its importance in India. Provide examples: Goods and Services Tax (GST): Highlight how GST represents a ...

upsc: federal structure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India’s federal system is shaped by a complex interplay of cooperation, competition, and confrontation between the central and state governments. Cooperation plays a significant role in fostering collaborative planning and policy-making. An example is the establishment of tRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India’s federal system is shaped by a complex interplay of cooperation, competition, and confrontation between the central and state governments. Cooperation plays a significant role in fostering collaborative planning and policy-making. An example is the establishment of the NITI Aayog, which promotes cooperative federalism by facilitating dialogue and coordination between the center and the states in matters of economic planning and development.

    Cooperation

    The Indian federal system is designed to facilitate cooperation between the center and the states. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a prime example of cooperative federalism, where both the center and the states have pooled their powers to create a unified tax system. This collaborative approach has streamlined the tax structure and improved economic integration across states. Another example is the NITI Aayog, which replaced the Planning Commission, fostering collaborative planning and policy-making between the center and the states.

    Competition

    Competitive federalism encourages states to improve their performance and policies to attract investment, businesses, and resources. In recent years, the center has adopted a competitive approach to allocate resources, prompting states to streamline their regulations and policies. The ‘Ease of Doing Business’ rankings have created healthy competition among states to improve their business environments. The Smart Cities Mission is another example where competition is used as a driving force to encourage cities to develop innovative solutions for urban development.

    Confrontation

    Despite the cooperative and competitive aspects of the Indian federation, confrontations between the center and the states have occurred. These confrontations can arise due to political, administrative, or legal issues. Recent examples include the conflict between the central government and the West Bengal government over the CBI’s jurisdiction and the tussle between the central government and the Delhi government over administrative control. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) also led to confrontations between some state governments and the center, with some states refusing to implement the Act.

    Conclusion

    India’s federal system has been shaped by cooperation, competition, and confrontation. Cooperation and competition foster efficient policy-making and resource allocation, while confrontation can uphold federal principles. Balancing these elements is vital for the federation’s smooth functioning and addressing India’s diverse needs.

    See less
Load More Questions

Resources & Suggestions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Articles

On: April 7, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (7 April 2025)

The partnership between the private and public sectors is crucial for the successful development of an investment model for urban infrastructure. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) शहरी बुनियादी ढांचे से जुड़े निवेश मॉडल के सफल विकास के लिए निजी और ...

On: April 6, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (5 April 2025)

Do you agree that the rediscovery and revival of India’s ancient past and its rich traditions had a mixed effect on the freedom movement? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) यह तर्क दिया गया है कि भारत के अतीत और उसकी ...

On: April 5, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (5 April 2025)

Examine the evolution of cooperatives in independent India and their role in advancing agricultural development. (Answer in 150 words) स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत में सहकारी समितियों के विकास और कृषि क्षेत्र में उनके योगदान पर विचार करें। (उत्तर 150 शब्दों ...

Explore Our Blog