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Indian Economy

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Home/Indian Economy/Page 4

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Vihaan Choudhury
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Vihaan ChoudhuryLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Introduce Inland Waterways in India: Mention that India has an extensive inland waterway network covering 15,000 km across 24 states and 2 Union Territories, which includes rivers, creeks, estuaries, and canals. Importance of Inland Waterways: Highlight the potential ...

upsc: infrastructure
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Prospects of Inland Waterways in India Reduction in Transportation Cost: Inland waterways offer a cost-effective alternative to road and rail transport. According to a study, one liter of fuel can move 24 tons of cargo for 1 km on roads, 95 km on rail, and 215 km on inland waterways, hiRead more

    Model Answer

    Prospects of Inland Waterways in India

    1. Reduction in Transportation Cost: Inland waterways offer a cost-effective alternative to road and rail transport. According to a study, one liter of fuel can move 24 tons of cargo for 1 km on roads, 95 km on rail, and 215 km on inland waterways, highlighting the cost-effectiveness of water transport.
    2. Environmentally Friendly: Waterways reduce road congestion and vehicular pollution by transporting goods across rivers and canals, easing the burden on highways. This shift not only benefits the environment but also enhances road safety.
    3. Boost Economic Integration: Integrating inland waterways with national projects like the Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) and the Sagarmala Project facilitates the smooth exchange of goods across transport modes. This connectivity can stimulate economic growth by connecting remote regions, such as the North-Eastern states, to global trade routes. The Kaladan Multi-Modal Project is a notable example, offering a more efficient route to the region.
    4. Multiplier Effect and Linkages: Investment in inland waterways fosters growth across sectors, including port development, boat-building, and ancillary industries, creating jobs and enhancing regional development.

    Challenges of Inland Waterways in India

    1. Lack of Continuous Connectivity: While the waterway network spans across 15,000 km, it lacks continuous connectivity. For instance, in 2018, a cargo vessel got stuck near Ramrekha Ghat in Bihar due to shallow waters, highlighting the inconsistent navigability of certain routes.
    2. Inadequate Water Channel Depth: Many national waterways suffer from insufficient depth, especially due to siltation and seasonal variations, making them unsuitable for large vessels. Approximately 20 out of the 111 identified waterways are deemed unviable for regular use.
    3. High Turnaround Time: The absence of efficient material handling equipment and inadequate terminal facilities at key ports results in slow cargo evacuation, leading to congestion and high turnaround times.

    In conclusion, while inland waterways have substantial potential in reducing costs and enhancing economic integration, addressing connectivity, depth issues, and port infrastructure is crucial for realizing their full potential.

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Vihaan Choudhury
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Vihaan ChoudhuryLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction: Briefly introduce the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and its role in strengthening India’s manufacturing sector. Mention the long-standing nature of India’s industrial policy, with the last major update in 1991. Pose the central question: whether a new ...

upsc: manufacturing sector
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been a game-changer in strengthening India's manufacturing sector, attracting both domestic and foreign investments. However, despite its success, the need for a comprehensive industrial policy remains critical to ensure sustRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been a game-changer in strengthening India’s manufacturing sector, attracting both domestic and foreign investments. However, despite its success, the need for a comprehensive industrial policy remains critical to ensure sustained and inclusive industrial growth. Below is an assessment of the role of the PLI scheme and the necessity for a new industrial policy.

    Role of the PLI Scheme

    1. Wide Coverage: The PLI scheme targets 14 key sectors like electronics, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. This wide reach covers a substantial portion of the economy, fostering growth in diverse industries.
      Example: Electronics, automobiles, and textiles are all major sectors benefitting from the PLI scheme.
    2. Large-Scale Investments: By offering incentives, the PLI scheme has attracted over INR 1.03 lakh crore in investments, bolstering India’s manufacturing capabilities. Fact: By November 2023, the scheme had attracted INR 1.03 lakh crore in investments.
    3. Job Creation: The PLI scheme has the potential to create approximately 60 lakh new jobs across various sectors in the next five years. Example: The scheme is expected to stimulate job creation, particularly in manufacturing hubs.

    Need for a New Industrial Policy

    While the PLI scheme has delivered impressive results, a new industrial policy is crucial to address broader and long-term challenges:

    1. Comprehensive Framework: A new industrial policy would provide a more comprehensive framework, addressing not just sector-specific growth but also infrastructure development, skill enhancement, and research and development. Example: Infrastructure and skill development are key areas that need policy attention beyond the scope of the PLI scheme.
    2. Long-Term Vision: The PLI scheme focuses on short-to-medium-term objectives. A new industrial policy could outline strategic long-term goals for industrial transformation, guiding India’s manufacturing sector for decades to come.
    3. Inclusive Growth: The PLI scheme predominantly benefits large firms in certain sectors, but a new policy could promote inclusive growth by supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Example: MSMEs could benefit from tailored incentives and support structures.
    4. Environmental and Social Considerations: A modern industrial policy should integrate sustainability, environmental standards, and social welfare considerations, ensuring equitable industrial growth. Example: Ensuring that industrialization also supports environmental goals and benefits all sections of society is vital.

    Conclusion

    While the PLI scheme is an important tool for boosting India’s manufacturing sector, a new industrial policy is essential to provide a broader, more inclusive, and sustainable framework for industrial development. Instead of replacing the PLI, the new policy can complement it, focusing on long-term strategic goals and addressing areas that the PLI does not cover.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the ‘One Nation-One Ration Card’ (ONORC) scheme and its relevance to India’s Public Distribution System (PDS). Mention the target populations: vulnerable sections, especially migrant households and those with limited access to resources. Role of ONORC in Ensuring ...

upsc: farm subsidies & food security
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer The 'One Nation-One Ration Card' (ONORC) scheme plays a crucial role in ensuring food security for vulnerable populations in India by improving the portability and efficiency of the Public Distribution System (PDS). Role of ONORC in Ensuring Food Security Portability of PDS Benefits: ONRead more

    Model Answer

    The ‘One Nation-One Ration Card’ (ONORC) scheme plays a crucial role in ensuring food security for vulnerable populations in India by improving the portability and efficiency of the Public Distribution System (PDS).

    Role of ONORC in Ensuring Food Security

    Portability of PDS Benefits: ONORC allows over 67 million migrant households to access PDS benefits at any Fair Price Shop (FPS) across the country. This is especially beneficial for migrant workers and their families, who often face difficulty in accessing food entitlements due to migration.

    Elimination of Fake & Duplicate Ration Cards: The scheme uses Aadhaar-based biometric authentication, which significantly reduces fraud, duplicate cards, and leakages in the system. This ensures that the rations reach the intended beneficiaries.

    Choice and Convenience: Beneficiaries can choose any FPS that suits them, enabling them to avoid corrupt or inefficient dealers. This gives families flexibility and ensures that they can access their entitlements easily.

    Mera Ration App: The mobile application allows beneficiaries to register online, check their entitlements, locate nearby FPSs, and verify their Aadhaar seeding status, improving accessibility and transparency.

    Challenges to Successful Implementation

    Lack of Awareness: Despite the benefits, 20% of eligible households did not know they could use the portability feature. This lack of awareness hampers the full potential of ONORC.

    Technical Issues: The scheme relies heavily on technology, and problems like poor internet connectivity, device failure, and glitches in biometric authentication can cause inconvenience. 57% of dealers reported issues like poor connectivity, leading to refusal of service.

    Supply Chain Challenges: 32% of PDS dealers reported stockouts, as the portability feature leads to an unpredictable demand at FPSs. This creates challenges in managing the supply of food grains.

    Under-coverage and Aadhaar Seeding Issues: The 2011 census for NFSA eligibility excludes many low-income households, while problems with Aadhaar seeding (such as name mismatches) prevent some individuals, especially divorced women, from accessing their rations.

    To achieve SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) by 2030, overcoming these challenges is crucial for ensuring the success of ONORC and securing food access for vulnerable populations.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In: ,
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the concept of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as collaborative agreements between the government and private entities for the financing, construction, and operation of infrastructure projects. Mention the importance of PPPs in addressing India’s infrastructure needs, especially given ...

upsc: infrastructureupsc: investment models
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are collaborative agreements between the government and private sector entities aimed at financing, building, and operating infrastructure projects. This model plays a vital role in India's infrastructure development: Mobilizing Funding: PPPs attract pRead more

    Model Answer

    Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are collaborative agreements between the government and private sector entities aimed at financing, building, and operating infrastructure projects. This model plays a vital role in India’s infrastructure development:

    • Mobilizing Funding: PPPs attract private investment, reducing the financial burden on the government for large-scale projects that may not be feasible through public funding alone. For example, as of December 2019, nearly 300 PPP projects in the port sector worth ₹3.47 lakh crore were undertaken, enhancing infrastructure capacity.
    • Enhancing Efficiency: The involvement of the private sector brings innovation, efficiency, and expertise in management, leading to timely project completion and improved quality. Mumbai Metro Line-1 is an example of how private sector efficiency and innovation can lead to successful infrastructure development.
    • Risk Sharing: PPPs help in sharing risks, such as delays due to weather or protests, which mitigates the financial and operational risks for both parties. The Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport project in Kerala exemplifies how risk-sharing can ensure smoother execution.
    • Accountability: Under the PPP model, payments to private players are linked to the quality and timely completion of projects. Long-term contracts, such as in Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) projects, ensure the private sector remains accountable for quality and performance.

    Challenges with PPPs

    Despite their advantages, PPPs are not a universal solution to all infrastructure challenges:

    • Limited Participation: Projects in rural areas or those that are not financially viable may deter private sector participation, limiting the model’s effectiveness in addressing all infrastructure needs.
    • Regulatory Challenges: Bureaucratic delays can hinder PPP project implementation, leading to cost overruns and reduced investor confidence. For instance, delays in land acquisition for the Navi Mumbai airport project slowed its progress.
    • Sustainability Concerns: Non-adherence to quality standards by private players can compromise the long-term sustainability of infrastructure projects, as seen with the Pragati Maidan Tunnel, which faced issues like seepage and cracks.
    • Social and Environmental Issues: Some PPP projects may face opposition due to social displacement or environmental concerns, leading to delays or project cancellations. The Posco steel plant project in Odisha was scrapped after protests from the local community.

    In conclusion, while PPPs play a crucial role in infrastructure development, their success depends on careful project selection, robust regulation, and aligning with public interests and sustainability goals.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce agrivoltaics as a system that combines solar energy production with agricultural practices, where crops are grown underneath solar panels. Mention the growing importance of sustainable farming in India due to challenges like land scarcity, water ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer 1. Efficient Use of Agricultural Land: Agrivoltaics allows farmers to use the same land for both crop production and solar energy generation, optimizing space and resource utilization. For instance, in the Vidarbha region, a six-acre agrivoltaic system combined with a 100MW solar instalRead more

    Model Answer

    1. Efficient Use of Agricultural Land:
     Agrivoltaics allows farmers to use the same land for both crop production and solar energy generation, optimizing space and resource utilization. For instance, in the Vidarbha region, a six-acre agrivoltaic system combined with a 100MW solar installation allowed farmers to continue regular agricultural activities while producing renewable energy.

    2. Enhanced Agricultural Productivity:
    The shade provided by solar panels helps create a microclimate that reduces plant stress, especially in areas with intense sunlight. A study in Greece found that solar panels reduced net radiation by 44% and wind speed by 38%, leading to a cooler environment that could potentially increase crop yields.

    3. Water Conservation:
     Solar panels reduce water evaporation, thereby conserving water for irrigation. At Oregon State University, agrivoltaics improved water conservation by 328%, showing how this system can drastically reduce the water needed for crop irrigation in water-scarce regions.

    4. Additional Income for Farmers:
     Agrivoltaics can generate additional revenue streams for farmers by allowing them to sell surplus electricity. For example, in Vidarbha, a solar system generated $27,655 annually from excess electricity sold back to the grid, offering farmers a sustainable financial boost.

    5. Reducing the Carbon Footprint:
    By generating clean, renewable energy, agrivoltaics reduces the reliance on fossil fuels and helps cut greenhouse gas emissions. This contributes significantly to climate change mitigation.

    6. Enhanced Agricultural Resilience:
     Solar panels provide protection against extreme weather conditions such as hailstorms, enhancing agricultural resilience. Agrivoltaics also contributes to powering essential farm facilities like cold storage units and irrigation systems.

    Incorporating agrivoltaics into Indian farming could ensure a sustainable future for agriculture while improving food security and environmental sustainability.

    Highlights:

    • Efficient Land Use: Simultaneous crop production and solar generation (Vidarbha case).
    • Enhanced Productivity: Cooler microclimates boost yields.
    • Water Conservation: 328% improvement at Oregon State University.
    • Additional Income: $27,655 annually from surplus electricity (Vidarbha).
    • Reduced Carbon Footprint: Helps cut GHG emissions.
    • Resilience: Protects crops from extreme weather.
    • Improved Irrigation: Daytime power for irrigation.
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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Start by briefly mentioning the context of India’s agricultural sector and its challenges. Highlight the importance of sustainability in agriculture, given its significant contribution to India’s economy and environmental footprint (e.g., agriculture accounts for 14% of India’s ...

upsc: inclusive growth & economic development
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer India's agriculture sector, contributing 14% to the country's GHG emissions, faces significant challenges. However, traditional knowledge offers sustainable solutions for promoting environmental conservation and agricultural resilience. These age-old practices, rooted in local ecosystemRead more

    Model Answer

    India’s agriculture sector, contributing 14% to the country’s GHG emissions, faces significant challenges. However, traditional knowledge offers sustainable solutions for promoting environmental conservation and agricultural resilience. These age-old practices, rooted in local ecosystems, can contribute to more sustainable farming practices.

    1. Effective Resource Management

    Traditional knowledge emphasizes efficient resource management, such as the Kaipad system in Kerala. This unique fish-farming technique uses tidal water for irrigation while integrating rice and fish farming, promoting a balanced ecosystem. This system ensures optimal use of water resources while maintaining agricultural productivity.

    2. Rainwater Harvesting

    In the face of depleting groundwater resources, traditional rainwater harvesting systems offer a sustainable solution. One notable example is the Zabo System of Nagaland, where a protected forest area on top of a hill collects rainwater, which is then stored in tanks and used for irrigation in the paddy fields below. This system helps conserve water and supports agricultural sustainability.

    3. Food Security

    Traditional agricultural practices help preserve local ecosystems and enhance food security. The Bari system of Assam, a home garden method, utilizes kitchen waste and fallen tree leaves as manure to grow local crops like jackfruit, banana, and mango. This promotes biodiversity and supports local food systems.

    4. Organic Manure

    In regions like Kerala, traditional knowledge has fostered the use of organic manure, where farmers mix cow dung, used fuel wood ash, and coconut fiber waste to create chemical-free fertilizers. This practice promotes soil health and reduces reliance on synthetic chemicals.

    5. Crop Diversification and Pest Management

    The Baranaja system, practiced in the Himalayas, involves growing diverse crops without pesticides, promoting biodiversity and protecting crops from extreme climatic events. Additionally, natural pest management methods, such as using neem-based pesticides, reduce the dependence on harmful chemicals and enhance sustainability.

    Conclusion

    Reviving and integrating India’s traditional knowledge systems into modern agricultural practices can play a crucial role in enhancing sustainability, protecting the environment, and securing food supplies in the face of climate change. These methods offer valuable lessons for building a more resilient agricultural system.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Overview: Begin by highlighting India’s position as a global leader in animal husbandry, mentioning its ranking in milk, buffalo meat, goat meat, and egg production. Relevance of Digital Technology: Introduce the role of digital technology in enhancing ...

upsc: economics of animal-rearing
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer India is a global leader in livestock production, being the largest producer of milk and buffalo meat, the second largest producer of goat meat, and the third largest in egg production. Digital technology can significantly enhance the productivity and sustainability of animal husbandryRead more

    Model Answer

    India is a global leader in livestock production, being the largest producer of milk and buffalo meat, the second largest producer of goat meat, and the third largest in egg production. Digital technology can significantly enhance the productivity and sustainability of animal husbandry in the country.

    Precision Nutrition

    Digital technology enables precision livestock farming, using tools like IoT devices, smart feeders, and nutritional apps to optimize animal feeding practices.

    • Fact: The use of precision livestock feeding can reduce protein intake by 25%, improving feed efficiency and growth rates, which ultimately boosts overall productivity.

    Better Farm Management

    Technologies like sensors and big data analytics provide farmers with insights into animal health, behavior, and performance. This allows farmers to make data-driven decisions to improve their farming practices.

    • Fact: Animal trackers enable farmers to monitor their livestock’s location and condition directly from their mobile phones, facilitating more efficient farm management.

    Improved Animal Health Management

    Digital tools can provide real-time health insights throughout the animal’s lifecycle, helping ensure optimal feeding, health care, and harvest times.

    • Fact: The Automated Body Condition Score system assesses the nutritional and reproductive status of animals, improving health management and reducing environmental impacts.

    Increased Reach and Market Access

    Digital platforms like AgriMarketplace and FarmCrowdy connect farmers directly with consumers, bypassing middlemen. This ensures fair prices and expands market access.

    • Fact: These platforms help farmers increase their market presence and directly sell their produce, enhancing profitability.

    Enhanced Reproductive Efficiency

    Smart breeding programs help farmers detect heat and breed animals at the optimal times, which improves conception rates and reduces unsuccessful breeding attempts.

    Conclusion

    The integration of digital technologies in animal husbandry can revolutionize India’s livestock sector by improving productivity, enhancing animal health, and expanding market access. However, the successful implementation of these technologies requires robust digital infrastructure, reliable internet connectivity in rural areas, and effective training programs.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction  Brief Introduction: Start by mentioning the PM-KISAN Scheme launched in 2019 to provide financial support to landholding farmers. Objective: Highlight the scheme’s goal to alleviate liquidity constraints by providing ₹6,000 annually to eligible farmer families. Context: Acknowledge the ...

upsc: economic planning
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer The PM-KISAN Scheme, launched in 2019, aims to provide income support of ₹6,000 annually to all landholding farmer families. While over 11 crore farmer families have benefitted from its direct benefit transfer (DBT) mechanism, the scheme faces several significant challenges. Key BenefitRead more

    Model Answer

    The PM-KISAN Scheme, launched in 2019, aims to provide income support of ₹6,000 annually to all landholding farmer families. While over 11 crore farmer families have benefitted from its direct benefit transfer (DBT) mechanism, the scheme faces several significant challenges.

    Key Benefits of the Scheme

    1. Income Support
      • Direct annual transfer of ₹6,000 in three installments has helped alleviate liquidity issues for farmers.
      • Fact: Over 11 crore farmer families benefitted by February 2024.
    2. Elimination of Middlemen
      • Use of DBT ensures funds reach farmers directly without leakage.
    3. Encouragement of Productive Investment
      • Fact: According to an IFPRI study, 52% of the first installment was spent on agriculture, while 26% was used for consumption.

    Challenges with the Scheme

    1. Low Coverage
      • The scheme has not reached all potential beneficiaries due to administrative and logistical hurdles.
      • Fact: In Bihar, only 82.50 lakh farmers out of 164 lakh operational landholdings were registered as of August 2021.
    2. Misallocation of Funds
      • Poor beneficiary identification and monitoring have led to financial mismanagement.
      • Fact: The CAG 2020-21 report found ₹131.40 lakh wrongly disbursed to Haryana state government pensioners.
    3. Evolving Compliance Requirements
      • Introduction of Aadhaar-based payment systems, mandatory e-KYC, and ABPS disrupted effective implementation.
      • Fact: Many farmers were excluded due to these compliance changes, with 2.4 lakh farmers unable to link Aadhaar with bank accounts.
    4. Decline in Fund Disbursement
      • The scheme’s reach has decreased over time.
      • Fact: Beneficiaries reduced from 11.84 crore in the first installment to 3.87 crore in the 11th installment, marking a 67% drop in payouts.
    5. Operational Challenges
      • Issues with registration processes, Aadhaar linkage errors, and database maintenance impede timely fund transfer.

    Conclusion

    Despite its transformative potential, the PM-KISAN Scheme struggles with low coverage, compliance hurdles, and fund misallocation. Addressing these challenges by improving beneficiary identification, simplifying processes, and strengthening monitoring mechanisms is essential to maximize its impact. The government’s plan to evaluate the scheme is a positive step toward ensuring its long-term success.

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Kumudini Lakhia
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Kumudini LakhiaEnthusiast
Asked: January 21, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the importance of defence exports for India in enhancing its global standing. Mention the record growth of defence exports in FY 2023-24 to set the context. Significance of Defence Exports for India (4-5 points, 100-120 words) Diplomatic ...

upsc: external sector
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Significance of Defence Exports for India India's defence exports have reached a record Rs. 21,083 crores in the Financial Year (FY) 2023-24, marking a 32.5% growth over the previous year. This growth has a multi-faceted impact on India's global standing: Diplomatic Leverage and StrategRead more

    Model Answer

    Significance of Defence Exports for India

    India’s defence exports have reached a record Rs. 21,083 crores in the Financial Year (FY) 2023-24, marking a 32.5% growth over the previous year. This growth has a multi-faceted impact on India’s global standing:

    1. Diplomatic Leverage and Strategic Partnerships: Defence exports serve as a tool for enhancing India’s diplomatic influence. For instance, India’s delivery of BrahMos missiles to the Philippines strengthens its relationship with the country, fostering long-term partnerships.
    2. Technological Dependencies: Exporting defence equipment establishes long-term dependencies in terms of maintenance, repairs, upgrades, and spare parts, which solidify strategic ties between India and recipient nations.
    3. Scope for Joint Operations: Defence exports improve interoperability between India and importing nations, enhancing their ability to engage in joint operations. For example, collaboration with Sri Lanka improves regional security and strengthens India’s military presence in South Asia.
    4. Economic Stability: Defence exports contribute to India’s foreign exchange reserves, improving resilience to economic shocks and ensuring financial stability.

    Steps Taken by the Government to Promote Defence Exports

    The Indian government has taken several significant measures to boost defence exports:

    1. Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy (DPEPP) 2020: This policy outlines strategies and targets for enhancing domestic manufacturing capabilities, aiming to boost defence exports in the long term.
    2. Simplification of Export Procedures: The India Defence Mart portal has been created, allowing companies to apply for export licenses and track their applications online, simplifying the process.
    3. Financial Incentives: The Scheme for Promotion of Defence Exports (SPDE) offers financial incentives to encourage defence product exports.
    4. Whole-of-Government Approach: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has used diplomatic channels to expand India’s defence export ecosystem, as seen in the line of credit extended to Nigeria to facilitate the purchase of Indian military equipment.
    5. Modernization of Defence Industry: The Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) encourages the modernization of India’s defence industry, boosting its competitiveness in the global market.

    Through these steps, India is strengthening its position as a global defence exporter, enhancing both its strategic influence and economic stability.

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Kumudini Lakhia
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Kumudini LakhiaEnthusiast
Asked: January 21, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Context: Start by providing a brief introduction to India’s energy transformation. Mention the current state of India’s energy sector and its ambitious goals for the future. Goal: Highlight India’s target of increasing its energy capacity, especially renewable energy, ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India's energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation: Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation RenewableRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India’s energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation:

    Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation

    1. Renewable Energy Focus:
      India’s commitment to renewable energy is at the core of its sustainable energy transformation. From 2014 to 2023, India’s cumulative renewable energy capacity surged from 35 GW to 174.53 GW, with a target of 500 GW by 2030. This growth highlights India’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and meeting global climate goals.
    2. Energy Efficiency:
      Energy efficiency is crucial for sustainability. The National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) promotes energy-efficient practices across sectors, reducing energy consumption while meeting growing demands.
    3. Research and Innovation:
      India is investing heavily in innovative energy solutions. For example, the Green Hydrogen Mission aims to develop green hydrogen as a clean energy storage solution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.

    Inclusivity of India’s Energy Transformation

    1. Gender Inclusivity:
      India’s energy transformation is also gender-inclusive, with policies addressing women’s unique needs. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which provides LPG connections to women, reduces health risks associated with traditional biomass fuels, empowering women and improving their quality of life.
    2. Equitable Energy Access:
      Ensuring equitable access to energy is vital for poverty alleviation. The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) aims to achieve universal household electrification, ensuring that no household is left behind in the energy transition.
    3. Community Engagement:
      Local communities are engaged through initiatives like the PM-Kusum scheme, which provides subsidies for solar irrigation pumps, and the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, which supports residential rooftop solar panel installation, creating grassroots participation in the energy transformation.

    Conclusion

    While India’s energy transformation is both sustainable and inclusive, challenges like high transmission losses and financing remain. However, continued policy commitment and investment are crucial for achieving long-term success.

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