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Indian Economy

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Home/Indian Economy/Page 34

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Describe the PM Gati Shakti Yojana’s tenets. Do you believe it will improve connectivity and foster competition? Talk about it. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]

uppsc: infrastructure
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    PM Gati Shakti Yojana is a multimodal connectivity plan, which integrates various modes of transport, such as railways, roads, waterways and airways into a single entity. The pillars of this initiative are: - Integrated Planning: Integration of various ministries and state governments that do have iRead more

    PM Gati Shakti Yojana is a multimodal connectivity plan, which integrates various modes of transport, such as railways, roads, waterways and airways into a single entity. The pillars of this initiative are:

    – Integrated Planning: Integration of various ministries and state governments that do have infrastructure projects for holistic development.
    – Unified Digital Platform: An integrated, common homepage of online planning and monitoring of project execution.
    Last-Mile Connectivity: Incentivize greater focus on connectivity in economic zones, industrial clusters, and also in rural areas.
    Multi-modal logistics: Smoother transfer of goods as well as people through various modes of transport.

    This initiative can be said to put India on a high pedestal by improving competitiveness through decline in logistics costs, attaining efficiencies and economic growth. It will also increase the effect of remote areas and cause reduction in regional imbalances, thereby promoting inclusive development.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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What does the term “digital agriculture” mean to you? Discuss its advantages in (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]

uppsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Krishna Vasudev
    Krishna Vasudev Learner

    Definition: Digital agriculture refers to the integration of digital technologies and data-driven solutions in farming practices. It includes the use of IoT (Internet of Things), drones, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance agricultural productivity and efficiency. Benefits: EnhanceRead more

    Definition: Digital agriculture refers to the integration of digital technologies and data-driven solutions in farming practices. It includes the use of IoT (Internet of Things), drones, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance agricultural productivity and efficiency.

    Benefits:

    1. Enhanced Productivity: Digital tools like precision farming use real-time data to optimize crop management, resulting in increased yields. For instance, the use of drones for aerial imagery helps in accurate crop monitoring and pest detection.
    2. Resource Efficiency: Technologies such as smart irrigation systems reduce water usage by delivering precise amounts of water to crops, thereby conserving resources.
    3. Data-Driven Decisions: Big data analytics enable farmers to make informed decisions based on weather patterns, soil conditions, and market trends, improving overall farm management.
    4. Cost Reduction: Digital solutions help in reducing input costs by optimizing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, as seen in initiatives like e-Choupal which provide farmers with market prices and expert advice.

    In summary, digital agriculture leverages technology to boost productivity, conserve resources, and enable informed decision-making, leading to more sustainable and efficient farming practices.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Supply chain management: what is it? Emphasize its significance in relation to India’s food processing sector. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]

uppsc: food processing
  1. Krishna Vasudev
    Krishna Vasudev Learner

    Definition: Supply Chain Management (SCM) involves the coordination and management of all activities involved in the production, processing, and distribution of goods from raw materials to the final consumer. It encompasses procurement, logistics, inventory management, and distribution. Importance iRead more

    Definition: Supply Chain Management (SCM) involves the coordination and management of all activities involved in the production, processing, and distribution of goods from raw materials to the final consumer. It encompasses procurement, logistics, inventory management, and distribution.

    Importance in Food Processing Industry in India:

    1. Efficiency Improvement: SCM optimizes processes, reducing waste and lowering costs. For instance, efficient logistics and inventory management in the food processing sector reduce spoilage and improve shelf life.
    2. Quality Control: Effective SCM ensures consistent quality by monitoring every stage from raw material sourcing to processing. This is crucial for maintaining standards and food safety.
    3. Market Responsiveness: SCM enhances the ability to respond quickly to market demands and changes, ensuring timely delivery of processed food products.
    4. Cost Reduction: Streamlined supply chains reduce operational costs and enhance competitiveness in the food processing industry, which is vital for a cost-sensitive market like India.

    In summary, SCM is crucial for improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness in India’s food processing industry, driving overall growth and sustainability.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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What actions are being taken to satisfy India’s steadily rising need for energy resources? Talk about energy resources that are sustainable and renewable in particular. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: mobilization of resources
  1. Aisha Rao
    Aisha Rao Begginer

    Steps to Meet Increasing Energy Demand in India 1. Expansion of Renewable Energy Resources Solar Energy: India is focusing on significant expansion in solar power. The ‘National Solar Mission’ aims to achieve 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2030. 2023 saw the completion of several large-scale solaRead more

    Steps to Meet Increasing Energy Demand in India

    1. Expansion of Renewable Energy Resources

    • Solar Energy: India is focusing on significant expansion in solar power. The ‘National Solar Mission’ aims to achieve 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2030. 2023 saw the completion of several large-scale solar parks, such as the Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan, which is one of the largest in the world.
    • Wind Energy: The ‘Wind Energy Mission’ aims to harness India’s wind resources efficiently. As of 2023, India has established over 50 GW of wind energy capacity. New policies encourage investments in offshore wind projects to further boost capacity.
    • Bioenergy and Hydropower: Efforts are also being made to harness biomass and small hydro projects. The ‘National Bioenergy Programme’ supports the development of bioenergy projects, while initiatives like the ‘Hydro Power Policy’ aim to exploit small and micro hydropower potential.

    2. Technological and Policy Measures

    • Grid Modernization: Upgrading to ‘smart grids’ improves energy distribution efficiency and integrates various renewable sources. The ‘Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)’ is aimed at modernizing power infrastructure.
    • Energy Storage Solutions: Development of energy storage technologies such as batteries is crucial for balancing supply and demand, especially with intermittent renewable sources. 2023’s launch of large-scale battery storage projects enhances grid stability.

    3. Recent Examples

    • ‘PM-KUSUM Scheme’ (2023): This scheme promotes the installation of solar pumps for farmers, reducing their reliance on diesel and improving agricultural productivity.
    • ‘Green Hydrogen Policy’: Announced in 2023, this policy aims to make India a global leader in green hydrogen production, offering subsidies and setting up infrastructure to support hydrogen fuel technology.

    Conclusion

    India is taking comprehensive steps to address the growing energy demand by investing in renewable energy sources, modernizing the grid, and promoting innovative technologies. These efforts are crucial for sustainable development and achieving energy security.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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“Throughout the years, the Public Distribution System (PDS) has shown to be the most successful tool of government policy in stabilizing prices and providing food to customers at reasonable costs.” Describe the assertion. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: public distribution system
  1. Alia Varma
    Alia Varma Begginer

    The Effectiveness of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India 1. Stabilization of Prices Price Stabilization: The PDS plays a crucial role in stabilizing food prices by procuring and distributing essential commodities like wheat, rice, and sugar through a network of fair price shops. By managinRead more

    The Effectiveness of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India

    1. Stabilization of Prices

    • Price Stabilization: The PDS plays a crucial role in stabilizing food prices by procuring and distributing essential commodities like wheat, rice, and sugar through a network of fair price shops. By managing a strategic reserve and releasing stocks during shortages, PDS helps in preventing price spikes and ensuring market stability. For example, during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, PDS helped in stabilizing food prices amid supply chain disruptions.

    2. Affordable Food Availability

    • Subsidized Ration: The PDS ensures that food is available at affordable prices to the economically weaker sections of society. Under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, beneficiaries receive wheat at ₹2 per kg and rice at ₹3 per kg. This subsidy helps in reducing the financial burden on poor families. The 2022 extension of PDS benefits during the pandemic showcased the system’s role in providing essential food items to millions of households.

    3. Recent Enhancements

    • Digital Transformation: The integration of Aadhaar-based biometric authentication and ePOS systems has enhanced the transparency and efficiency of the PDS. The ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ scheme, launched in 2020, allows beneficiaries to access food supplies from any PDS shop across the country, improving accessibility for migrant workers and their families.
    • Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): Recent initiatives have introduced DBT for food subsidies, ensuring that benefits reach the intended beneficiaries directly, reducing leakages and corruption.

    4. Challenges and Improvements

    • Leakages and Fraud: Despite improvements, issues like leakages and ghost beneficiaries persist. However, ongoing reforms aim to address these challenges through enhanced technology and stricter monitoring.

    Conclusion

    The Public Distribution System (PDS) has proven effective in stabilizing food prices and ensuring affordable food availability for millions. Through continuous reforms and technological advancements, PDS remains a pivotal tool in supporting food security and economic stability in India.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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“Major obstacles exist in addressing food security despite numerous approaches.” Give an example using India as a reference. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: farm subsidies & food security
  1. Alia Varma
    Alia Varma Begginer

    Challenges to Food Security in India 1. Insufficient Coverage and Leakages Coverage Gaps: Despite efforts like the National Food Security Act (NFSA), which aims to provide subsidized food to 67% of the population, there are still significant gaps. The 2021 State of Food Security and Nutrition in theRead more

    Challenges to Food Security in India

    1. Insufficient Coverage and Leakages

    • Coverage Gaps: Despite efforts like the National Food Security Act (NFSA), which aims to provide subsidized food to 67% of the population, there are still significant gaps. The 2021 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report indicated that a substantial portion of the population remains food insecure, especially in remote and underserved areas.
    • Leakages and Diversion: Issues such as leakages and diversion of subsidized food grains from the Public Distribution System (PDS) undermine food security. Reports of ghost beneficiaries and poor implementation have led to inefficiencies in reaching the intended recipients.

    2. Nutritional Quality and Diversification

    • Nutritional Deficiency: The focus on staple foods like rice and wheat often overlooks the need for nutritionally balanced diets. High dependence on cereals has led to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, contributing to issues like malnutrition and stunting among children. For instance, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) highlighted that 27.6% of children under five are stunted due to poor dietary diversity.

    3. Impact of Climate Change

    • Agricultural Disruptions: Climate change poses a threat to food security through its impact on agriculture. Unpredictable weather patterns, droughts, and floods affect crop yields and food production. The 2022 floods in Assam severely impacted agriculture, affecting food availability and prices in the region.

    4. Economic Accessibility

    • Rising Costs: Increasing food prices and inflation affect the affordability of food for low-income families. Despite subsidies, the rising cost of living impacts the real purchasing power of food for the poor. The 2023 increase in food prices due to global supply chain disruptions exemplifies this issue.

    5. Food Wastage

    • Wastage: Significant food wastage occurs due to inadequate storage facilities and inefficient supply chains. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), India loses around 40% of its food production due to wastage, exacerbating food insecurity.

    Conclusion

    Despite measures to enhance food security, India faces challenges such as coverage gaps, nutritional deficiencies, climate impacts, economic accessibility, and food wastage. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive reforms, improved infrastructure, and targeted interventions to ensure effective food security for all.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Explain the several initiatives India is taking to meet the “Sustainable Development Goals.” (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: sustainable development
  1. Alia Varma
    Alia Varma Begginer

    Efforts Being Made in India to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) **1. National Policies and Strategies SDG India Index: Launched by NITI Aayog, the SDG India Index tracks progress across states and union territories. The 2022 Index provides a detailed report on achievements and gaps, drivRead more

    Efforts Being Made in India to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

    **1. National Policies and Strategies

    • SDG India Index: Launched by NITI Aayog, the SDG India Index tracks progress across states and union territories. The 2022 Index provides a detailed report on achievements and gaps, driving targeted interventions.
    • National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC): Focuses on mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate action. The ‘National Solar Mission’ and ‘National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture’ are key components aimed at promoting renewable energy and sustainable farming.

    **2. Economic and Social Programs

    • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): Aims to provide affordable housing to all by 2022, addressing SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). By 2023, over 1 crore houses have been sanctioned under the scheme.
    • Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM): Targets clean sanitation and improved hygiene to achieve SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). The mission has led to the construction of over 10 crore toilets and has significantly improved sanitation coverage.

    **3. Environmental Conservation

    • National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP): Focuses on conserving biodiversity and managing natural resources. The ‘Protected Areas Network’ and ‘Green India Mission’ aim to preserve ecosystems and enhance forest cover.
    • Clean Energy Initiatives: India is investing heavily in renewable energy sources. The ‘National Offshore Wind Energy Policy’ and ‘Ujjwala Yojana’ (providing LPG connections) support clean energy adoption and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

    **4. Health and Education

    • Ayushman Bharat: Aims to provide health insurance coverage to over 50 crore individuals, addressing SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). The scheme has expanded access to healthcare services across the country.
    • Betibachao Betipadhao (BBBP): Focuses on gender equality and empowering girls, aligning with SDG 5 (Gender Equality). The program promotes education and protection for girls, contributing to improved gender outcomes.

    **5. Digital Initiatives

    • Digital India Program: Aims to enhance digital infrastructure and e-governance, supporting SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Initiatives like ‘Digital Locker’ and ‘e-education’ platforms are improving access to information and services.

    Conclusion

    India is making substantial efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals through national policies, social programs, environmental conservation, health, education initiatives, and digital transformation. These coordinated actions are essential for sustainable and inclusive growth.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Describe what inclusive growth is. What problems and obstacles does India’s inclusive growth face? Describe. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: inclusive growth & economic development
  1. Ahilya Desai
    Ahilya Desai Begginer

    Concept of Inclusive Growth Inclusive Growth refers to an economic growth strategy that ensures equitable distribution of the benefits of development among all sections of society, especially marginalized and disadvantaged groups. It aims to achieve sustainable development by integrating social, ecoRead more

    Concept of Inclusive Growth

    Inclusive Growth refers to an economic growth strategy that ensures equitable distribution of the benefits of development among all sections of society, especially marginalized and disadvantaged groups. It aims to achieve sustainable development by integrating social, economic, and environmental dimensions. This involves not only boosting the overall economic growth but also ensuring that the growth is broad-based, providing opportunities and improving the quality of life for all, particularly for the poor and underserved.

    Issues and Challenges with Inclusive Growth in India

    1. Economic Inequality: Despite overall growth, India faces significant income disparity and wealth concentration. The wealth gap between urban and rural areas, as well as among different socio-economic groups, remains substantial. For instance, recent data shows that the top 10% of income earners in India hold a disproportionate share of the country’s wealth.
    2. Regional Disparities: Regional imbalances persist, with northern and eastern states lagging behind more prosperous southern and western states in terms of development indicators like health, education, and infrastructure. For example, states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh still struggle with poor human development indices compared to states like Kerala and Maharashtra.
    3. Access to Basic Services: Unequal access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and clean drinking water affects disadvantaged groups disproportionately. The recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS) highlighted disparities in healthcare access between different states and social groups.
    4. Employment Challenges: Unemployment and underemployment are critical issues, especially among the youth and women. Despite economic growth, job creation has not kept pace, leading to a high rate of informal employment.
    5. Social Exclusion: Certain groups, including Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and minorities, often face discrimination and exclusion, which hinders their participation in economic activities.

    Recent Example: The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) are initiatives aimed at improving financial inclusion and providing employment opportunities, respectively. However, challenges remain in ensuring that these benefits reach the most marginalized effectively and equitably.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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enumerate the key goals of NITI Aayog. What distinguishes NITI Aayog’s tenets and operations from those of the Planning Commission? Remark. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: economic planning
  1. Ahilya Desai
    Ahilya Desai Begginer

    Important Objectives of NITI Aayog Strategic Planning: NITI Aayog aims to provide strategic and long-term policy frameworks and direction for national development. It replaces the Planning Commission’s role in guiding the country's economic policy. State-Level Empowerment: It focuses on empowering sRead more

    Important Objectives of NITI Aayog

    1. Strategic Planning: NITI Aayog aims to provide strategic and long-term policy frameworks and direction for national development. It replaces the Planning Commission’s role in guiding the country’s economic policy.
    2. State-Level Empowerment: It focuses on empowering states by fostering cooperative federalism and encouraging state-specific solutions. This approach promotes regional development tailored to local needs.
    3. Innovation and Research: NITI Aayog emphasizes innovation and research through initiatives like the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), which aims to support startups and foster a culture of innovation.
    4. Sustainable Development: It works towards sustainable development goals and integrates environmental and social considerations into policy-making. For instance, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework guides its strategy.

    Differences from the Planning Commission

    1. Institutional Framework: Unlike the Planning Commission, which was a centralized body, NITI Aayog is designed as a think tank and policy advisory body with a focus on collaborative planning and state engagement.
    2. Role and Approach: The Planning Commission focused on centralized planning and allocating resources based on Five-Year Plans. In contrast, NITI Aayog emphasizes policy innovation, flexibility, and bottom-up planning.
    3. Accountability and Inclusivity: NITI Aayog promotes inclusive growth by involving diverse stakeholders, whereas the Planning Commission’s approach was often seen as top-down.

    Recent Example: In 2023, NITI Aayog launched the ‘Aspirational Districts Programme’, which targets improving performance in districts lagging in development, demonstrating its focus on state-specific, inclusive growth compared to the Planning Commission’s broad, centralized approach.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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“A nation’s infrastructure is crucial to its economic prosperity.” (125 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: infrastructure
  1. Ahana Patel
    Ahana Patel Begginer

    Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development 1. Economic Growth Foundation: Infrastructure is crucial for facilitating trade and investment. For instance, the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) targets ₹111 lakh crore to enhance roads, railways, and ports, thereby boosting GDP. 2. Job CreationRead more

    Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development

    1. Economic Growth Foundation: Infrastructure is crucial for facilitating trade and investment. For instance, the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) targets ₹111 lakh crore to enhance roads, railways, and ports, thereby boosting GDP.

    2. Job Creation: Infrastructure projects generate significant employment opportunities. Recent initiatives like the PM Gati Shakti plan aim to create jobs in construction and related sectors, promoting skill development.

    3. Connectivity Improvement: Enhanced infrastructure reduces transportation costs and time, facilitating smoother movement of goods and services. The Bharatmala Pariyojana focuses on developing highways to improve connectivity across regions.

    4. Quality of Life: Infrastructure development in sanitation, healthcare, and education enhances living standards. The Swachh Bharat Mission has significantly improved public health and hygiene across the country.

    In summary, investment in infrastructure is pivotal for sustainable economic growth and improving the overall quality of life.

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