*Line of Poverty:* The Line of Poverty, also known as the Poverty Line, is an economic benchmark that defines the minimum level of income required to meet basic needs and sustain life. It's calculated based on the cost of a basket of essential goods and services. *Poverty Alleviation Programmes in IRead more
*Line of Poverty:*
The Line of Poverty, also known as the Poverty Line, is an economic benchmark that defines the minimum level of income required to meet basic needs and sustain life. It’s calculated based on the cost of a basket of essential goods and services.
*Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India:*
India has implemented various programmes to alleviate poverty, focusing on:
1. Employment generation
2. Social security
3. Education and skill development
4. Health and nutrition
5. Infrastructure development
*Major Programmes:*
1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Guarantees 100 days of wage employment per year.
2. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): Provides financial assistance for self-employment.
3. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): Enhances livelihoods through skill development and entrepreneurship.
4. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): Promotes financial inclusion through bank accounts.
5. National Health Mission (NHM): Improves healthcare access.
6. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Universalizes elementary education.
7. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY): Provides housing for the poor.
*Targeted Interventions:*
1. Below Poverty Line (BPL) families
2. Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)
3. Women and children
4. Rural and urban poor
*Outcomes:*
1. Poverty reduction: 22% (2011) to 10% (2019)
2. Increased employment opportunities
3. Improved health and education outcomes
4. Enhanced financial inclusion
*Challenges:*
1. Inefficient implementation
2. Limited resources
3. Corruption
4. Inadequate targeting
*Reforms:*
1. Streamline programme implementation
2. Enhance convergence among schemes
3. Improve targeting and monitoring
4. Increase funding and resource allocation
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Smart cities are the urban areas of the country that use technologies more than rural areas. Smart cities uses these technology and data to improve the quality of life for residents. They focuses on efficient infrastructure, better public services and sustainable development. In India, smart citiesRead more
Smart cities are the urban areas of the country that use technologies more than rural areas. Smart cities uses these technology and data to improve the quality of life for residents. They focuses on efficient infrastructure, better public services and sustainable development. In India, smart cities aim to solve issues like traffic congestion , terrible infrastructure and pollution.
Smart cities widen the gap between urban and rural areas only if technological advancements are not evenly distributed.
As for smart villages:
Hence, while smart cities are crucial for urban development, smart villages are equally important to ensure balanced and inclusive growth across India.
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