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Indian Economy

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Home/Indian Economy/Page 26

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Dipshikha Anand
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Dipshikha AnandLearner
Asked: August 1, 2024In: ,
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question
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Rights are reasonable claims of individuals or groups that are recognized by society and sanctioned by law. Rights are essential for ensuring dignity, freedom and well being of individuals. Rights are categorized into six types i.e. Civil, Political, Economic, Social, Cultural and Human Rights ensurRead more

    Rights are reasonable claims of individuals or groups that are recognized by society and sanctioned by law. Rights are essential for ensuring dignity, freedom and well being of individuals.

    Rights are categorized into six types i.e. Civil, Political, Economic, Social, Cultural and Human Rights ensuring individual freedom, dignity and well being.

    Differences between Human rights and Fundamental rights-

    1. Human Rights have a universal scope applying to all individuals globally whereas Fundamental Rights have a national scope applying exclusively to citizens of a specific country, as enshrined in its constitution.
    2. Human Rights originate from international treaties, conventions and declarations (e.g., Universal Declaration of Human Rights) whereas Fundamental Rights are derived from a country’s constitution and domestic laws, varying by nation.
    3. Human Rights apply universally to all individuals regardless of nationality, jurisdiction or residence whereas Fundamental Rights apply specifically to citizens of a country within its territorial boundaries and jurisdiction.
    4. Human Rights are enforced through international mechanisms (e.g., UN, Human Rights Council, International Courts) whereas Fundamental Rights are enforced through domestic courts, national institutions and constitutional processes within a country.

     

     

    Rights including human and fundamental rights safeguards individual dignity, freedom and well being by promoting social justice and equality. Their protection and promotion are essential for a fair and harmonious society.

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Harshil Shrivastav
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Harshil ShrivastavBegginer
Asked: August 2, 2024In: , , , ,
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what are the thoughts on sudden AI boom which are impacting the job market and lot of job cuts can be seen by big tech giants

it and ai
  1. jassica_5610
    jassica_5610 Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    This sudden boom in AI is having serious repercussions on job market - both positive and negative. While on the flip-side AI is automating most of routine and repetitive tasks which results in loss of jobs mainly from all those sectors where manual or administration work was involved. It is worth noRead more

    This sudden boom in AI is having serious repercussions on job market – both positive and negative. While on the flip-side AI is automating most of routine and repetitive tasks which results in loss of jobs mainly from all those sectors where manual or administration work was involved. It is worth noting that on the way companies are already implementing such AI technologies, which has led to layoffs of employees in many sectors of economy. This trend has led to alarm about what will become of all those legacy jobs and the workers without tech skills who may struggle with finding new roles.

    But then, the coming in of AI boom also opens up potential for job creation in newer areas. These activities of AI in developing, maintenance and on extensive use requires special skills leading to the requirement being heated for data scientists. As AI technology evolves, new roles and industries are likely to emerge, potentially offsetting the job losses caused by automation.

    The key challenge lies in managing this transition. Workforce retraining and education will be crucial in helping displaced workers adapt to new opportunities. Policymakers and businesses must collaborate to create inclusive strategies that ensure the benefits of AI are widely shared, minimizing the negative impacts on employment while maximizing the potential for innovation and growth in the job market.

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Balvinder Singh
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Balvinder SinghBegginer
Asked: September 18, 2024In:
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How does education influence human development?

question
  1. Dr sangeeta Singh
    Dr sangeeta Singh Learner

    Education significantly impacts human development across various dimensions: *Economic Development:* 1. Increased earning potential 2. Improved employability 3. Enhanced productivity 4. Economic growth and stability *Social Development:* 1. Reduced poverty and inequality 2. Improved health outcomesRead more

    Education significantly impacts human development across various dimensions:

    *Economic Development:*

    1. Increased earning potential
    2. Improved employability
    3. Enhanced productivity
    4. Economic growth and stability

    *Social Development:*

    1. Reduced poverty and inequality
    2. Improved health outcomes
    3. Increased civic engagement and participation
    4. Stronger social cohesion

    *Personal Development:*

    1. Critical thinking and problem-solving skills
    2. Enhanced creativity and innovation
    3. Better decision-making and communication
    4. Emotional intelligence and well-being

    *Cognitive Development:*

    1. Improved literacy and numeracy
    2. Expanded knowledge and understanding
    3. Enhanced analytical and research skills
    4. Lifelong learning capabilities

    *Health and Well-being:*

    1. Improved health literacy
    2. Better nutrition and lifestyle choices
    3. Reduced mortality rates
    4. Enhanced mental health

    *Empowerment and Agency:*

    1. Increased autonomy and self-efficacy
    2. Improved self-esteem and confidence
    3. Enhanced participation in decision-making
    4. Reduced gender and social inequalities

    *Societal Benefits:*

    1. Reduced crime and violence
    2. Improved environmental awareness
    3. Increased social mobility
    4. Stronger, more resilient communities

    *Education’s Multiplier Effect:*

    1. Intergenerational benefits (educated parents -> educated children)
    2. Community-wide impacts (educated individuals -> community development)
    3. Economic growth (educated workforce -> increased productivity)

    *Challenges and Opportunities:*

    1. Access and equity in education
    2. Quality of education
    3. Lifelong learning and skill development
    4. Technology integration and digital literacy
    5. Addressing learning inequalities and disparities

    To maximize education’s impact on human development:

    1. Invest in inclusive, equitable education systems.
    2. Focus on quality education and skilled teachers.
    3. Promote lifelong learning and vocational training.
    4. Leverage technology for enhanced learning outcomes.
    5. Address socio-economic disparities and inequalities.

     

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Vanshika Choudhary
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Vanshika ChoudharyBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In: ,
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How women’s organizations helps women’s raise their voice against inequality before law?  

  1. Monalisha mech
    Monalisha mech Begginer

    Women's organizations play a vital role in women's development. So many NGOs and other organizations are working on women's empowerment by providing them with employment. Equality is justified when someone becomes financially stable and this is only possible if they become an earning member of the sRead more

    Women’s organizations play a vital role in women’s development. So many NGOs and other organizations are working on women’s empowerment by providing them with employment. Equality is justified when someone becomes financially stable and this is only possible if they become an earning member of the society. In the case of women, we often see unemployment not because of their inability but because of their gender. People think most works are meant only for males. Several women’s organizations put the limelight on this issue in front of the law. They raise the point of equal opportunity in the case of career no matter the level of work but if one is capable of doing any work, she should have the chance to do that. For instance, earlier we haven’t seen female drivers or bus conductors. But nowadays we can proudly say women can also drive a public vehicle with more responsibility just like men. This has become possible only because of social awareness raised in the media by various women’s organizations. Presently, the law is becoming more helpful for women’s development and women’s justice and has taken several steps to safeguard women’s rights. Hence, in this way, women’s organizations help women raise their voices against inequality before the law.

     

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ANAGHA S
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ANAGHA SBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In: , , , , , ,
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“What are the implications of a Uniform Civil Code in India in relation to Shariah and Hindu law, and how can legal reforms balance religious diversity with the pursuit of gender equality and social justice?”

question
  1. Medhini Prabhakar
    Medhini Prabhakar Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    "It is a regret that Article 44 has remained a dead letter" said Justice Y V Chandrachud in Shah Bano judgement (1985).  Our constitution-makers have placed 'Uniform Civil Code(Article 44)' under Directive principles of State Policy(Part IV). Need for UCC to balance diversity and ensure social justiRead more

    “It is a regret that Article 44 has remained a dead letter” said Justice Y V Chandrachud in Shah Bano judgement (1985).  Our constitution-makers have placed ‘Uniform Civil Code(Article 44)’ under Directive principles of State Policy(Part IV).

    Need for UCC to balance diversity and ensure social justice 
    1) It enhances ‘Secularism’ – mentioned in Preamble and a part of Basic structure.
    2) It is based on ‘Equality’ – a fundamental right (Article 14)
    3) Personal laws are usually against women and marginal, vulnerable sections.
    For example,  Shariat – allows polygamy (Sarala Mudgal Case)
    5) States like Goa, Uttarkhand have adopted UCC after legislative consensus
    6) Supreme Court has supported its implementation in multiple instances.

    Challenges to implement UCC
    1. Article 26 provides for the right to manage one’s own religious matters.
    2. Debate of – Fundamental Rights(Article 26) v/s DPSPs(Article 44)
    3. STs have customary laws protected by the constitution itself.
    4. Apprehensions of imposition of majoritarian values on minority
    5. Accommodating diversity

    Way forward
    1) 22nd Law commission sought public consultation process on UCC
    2) Consensus building that UCC is necessary
    3) In the short-term personal laws can be codified phase-wise
    4) UCC should not be imposed right away through an ordinance, it should pass through parliamentary debates and deliberations
    5) Political parties should rise above differences for the common good of all

    A fundamental change in people’s mindset is required for UCC’s implementation.

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RON BONNKE
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Poll
RON BONNKEBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , , , , , , ,
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Suggest me a best one.?

india
  1. [Deleted User]
    [Deleted User]

    The most significant barrier to accessing quality education in many communities is often a lack of resources. This can include inadequate funding for schools, insufficient access to educational materials and technology, poorly trained teachers, and inadequate infrastructure. These factors contributeRead more

    The most significant barrier to accessing quality education in many communities is often a lack of resources. This can include inadequate funding for schools, insufficient access to educational materials and technology, poorly trained teachers, and inadequate infrastructure. These factors contribute to a learning environment that does not support the full potential of students. Additionally, socioeconomic disparities can further exacerbate these challenges, limiting access to quality education for underprivileged groups.

    Suggestion for Improvement: Invest in upgrading school facilities, provide essential learning materials, and ensure access to modern technology. This can be achieved through government funding, public-private partnerships, and community-driven initiatives to create a more conducive learning environment for students.

    Communities can enhance educational infrastructure by:

    1. Fundraising: Organizing events for school improvements and resources.
    2. Volunteering: Contributing time for school maintenance, tutoring, and activities.
    3. Partnerships: Collaborating with businesses for financial and technical support.
    4. Advocacy: Pushing for better government funding and educational policies.
    5. Parental Involvement: Engaging parents in school activities and decisions.
    6. Mentorship: Offering guidance and support to students.

    Active community participation fosters a better educational environment.

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Najiya Sheikh
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Najiya SheikhBegginer
Asked: July 22, 2024In: , ,
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  1. Nora Ujjana
    Nora Ujjana Begginer

    Population Growth: India has a large and growing population, which increases the number of people entering the job market every year. The pace of job creation sometimes does not keep up with the rate of population growth, leading to higher unemployment rates. Skill Mismatch: There is often a mismatcRead more

    Population Growth: India has a large and growing population, which increases the number of people entering the job market every year. The pace of job creation sometimes does not keep up with the rate of population growth, leading to higher unemployment rates.

    Skill Mismatch: There is often a mismatch between the skills possessed by job seekers and the skills demanded by employers. Many industries require specific technical skills or training which job seekers may lack, resulting in higher unemployment among those who are less qualified or skilled.

    Structural Issues: Structural issues within the economy, such as inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic hurdles, regulatory challenges, can hamper business growth and job creation. This affects employment opportunities across various sectors.

    Education and Training: Issues related to the quality of education and vocational training can affect employability. There may be gaps in the skills acquired through formal education systems and the skills demanded by employers.

    Global Factors: Economic conditions and policies in other countries, as well as global economic trends, can impact sectors that are significant for India’s exports and trade, thereby influencing domestic job opportunities.

    Government Policies: Policy decisions related to taxation, regulation, labor laws, and investment incentives can have implications for job creation and employment levels.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Definition of Digitalization: Brief overview of what digitalization entails in the context of the Indian economy. Government Initiatives: Mention the Digital India program aimed at enhancing digital literacy and service delivery. 2. Status of Digitalization in the Indian ...

upsc: evolution of indian economy & reforms
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Digitalization in India has emerged as a transformative force, enhancing economic activities through technology. The government’s Digital India program aims to promote digital literacy and improve service delivery. Current Status Growing Digital Payments The Unified PaymentRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Digitalization in India has emerged as a transformative force, enhancing economic activities through technology. The government’s Digital India program aims to promote digital literacy and improve service delivery.

    Current Status

    Growing Digital Payments

    The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) exemplifies success, with monthly transactions exceeding 10 billion as of August 2023 (NPCI).

    Digital India Campaign

    Launched in 2015, this initiative has resulted in DigiLocker, which has over 15 crore registered users, simplifying document access (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology).

    Aadhaar

    Aadhaar, the world’s largest biometric ID system, supports Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for over 1.3 billion citizens, streamlining subsidy delivery (Unique Identification Authority of India).

    E-commerce Growth

    Major players like Amazon and Flipkart report record sales during events, indicating robust market integration (Business Standard).

    Telemedicine

    Platforms like Practo experienced a 500% increase in consultations during the pandemic, highlighting the shift towards digital healthcare (Practo).

    GSTN

    With over 1.2 crore businesses registered, the GST Network has simplified tax compliance (Goods and Services Tax Council).

    Challenges

    Cybersecurity

    India faced the second-highest number of cyber-attacks in Asia-Pacific in 2020, necessitating stronger security protocols (Cybersecurity Ventures).

    Privacy Concerns

    The Pegasus spyware incident raised significant data privacy issues, signaling vulnerabilities (The Guardian).

    Dependence on Foreign Technologies

    Heavy reliance on foreign tech firms like Google and Facebook poses risks, underscoring the need for indigenous solutions (Economic Times).

    Digital Divide

    Over 55,000 villages lack mobile connectivity, hindering the reach of digital initiatives (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India).

    Infrastructure Development

    Indian metro areas experience significantly less spectrum availability compared to developed nations, limiting high-speed data access (Ministry of Communications).

    Suggestions for Improvement

    1. Digital Literacy Programs: Focus on rural and older demographics through collaborations with platforms like WhatsApp.
    2. Local Language Integration: Use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to develop multilingual content.
    3. Cybersecurity Measures: Establish regional cybersecurity hubs for localized threat management.
    4. Inclusive Digitalization: Design platforms for accessibility, including voice-command features.
    5. Skill Development: Partner with tech firms for educational initiatives in schools (Microsoft, Cisco).
    6. Sustainable E-Waste Management: Implement a reward system for responsible e-waste disposal.
    7. Public-Private Partnerships: Foster collaborations, like the Google and Indian Railways partnership for free Wi-Fi.

    Conclusion

    Digitalization has significantly impacted India’s economy, yet addressing challenges through innovative strategies is crucial for a digitally empowered future.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define V-shaped Recovery: Briefly explain what constitutes a V-shaped recovery—characterized by a sharp decline followed by a rapid and sustained recovery. Thesis Statement: State your position on whether you agree or disagree with the notion of a ...

upsc: evolution of indian economy & reforms
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction A V-shaped recovery is characterized by a quick and sustained recovery in economic performance following a sharp decline. The Indian economy's recent performance, especially in the aftermath of the pandemic, leads to a compelling discussion on whether it represents such a rRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    A V-shaped recovery is characterized by a quick and sustained recovery in economic performance following a sharp decline. The Indian economy’s recent performance, especially in the aftermath of the pandemic, leads to a compelling discussion on whether it represents such a recovery.

    Body

    Indicators of V-Shaped Recovery

    1. GDP Growth: India’s GDP grew by an impressive 20% in the first quarter (Q1) of FY 2021-22 compared to the same quarter in FY 2020-21, indicating a strong rebound from the economic downturn caused by COVID-19.
    2. Rise in Government Expenditure: The Indian government significantly increased its capital expenditure as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat package. This surge in spending has positively impacted various sectors, facilitating a broad-based recovery.
    3. Revival of Consumption and Trade: The services sector has shown robust recovery, with consumption and investment rebounding. Notably, India’s exports and imports have returned to pre-pandemic levels, with some areas even surpassing them.
    4. Record GST Collections: The Goods and Services Tax (GST) collections have consistently exceeded ₹1 lakh crore for several months, indicating ongoing economic activity and recovery.

    Counterpoints for Consideration

    Despite the positive indicators, some experts argue for a K-shaped recovery, highlighting vulnerabilities in specific sectors like logistics and hospitality, which remain affected by social distancing. Additionally, the digital economy’s expansion has benefitted certain sectors while constraining traditional manufacturing. Furthermore, global economic factors, such as disruptions in the import of raw goods, have impacted domestic recovery unevenly.

    Conclusion

    While there are compelling arguments supporting the notion of a V-shaped recovery in the Indian economy, ongoing challenges and disparities suggest a nuanced reality. The Indian economy has demonstrated resilience but continues to face sector-specific hurdles, indicating a mixed recovery trajectory.

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Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction to the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) Contextual Background: Introduce the NUTP’s focus on “moving people” rather than “moving vehicles,” aiming to prioritize sustainable and user-friendly urban transport systems. Objectives: Highlight the policy’s goal of enhancing urban ...

upsc: evolution of indian economy & reforms
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) emphasizes a paradigm shift from "moving vehicles" to "moving people," aiming to create urban transport systems that prioritize the needs of citizens. The policy seeks to enhance accessibility and equity in urban mobility, focusingRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) emphasizes a paradigm shift from “moving vehicles” to “moving people,” aiming to create urban transport systems that prioritize the needs of citizens. The policy seeks to enhance accessibility and equity in urban mobility, focusing on sustainable and people-centric solutions.

    Strategies Used by the Government

    1. Tied Funds:
      The NUTP was integrated into the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), making funding contingent on the implementation of its components. This has led to the introduction of Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS) in several cities and encouraged states to explore metro systems.
    2. Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP):
      In collaboration with the Global Environment Facility, World Bank, and UNDP, the SUTP aims to promote sustainable urban transport solutions.
    3. Mass Public Transportation:
      The policy advocates for establishing metro systems in cities with populations over 2 million, enhancing public transport accessibility.
    4. Unified Transport Authority:
      Encouraging a single authority to oversee all modes of transport helps streamline planning and operations, focusing on the movement of people rather than vehicles.
    5. Increasing Floor Space Index (FSI):
      By increasing FSI, the policy aims to concentrate populations in urban areas, reducing urban sprawl and associated traffic congestion.

    Despite these strategies, challenges remain.

    Issues

    • Neglect of Differently Abled and Elderly Needs:
      The NUTP does not adequately address the transportation challenges faced by physically disabled individuals and the elderly.
    • Lack of Pedestrian Safety:
      There is insufficient provision for safe pedestrian pathways, and cyclists often face dangers from fast-moving vehicles.
    • Public Transport Difficulties:
      Users experience long waiting times, uncertainty in travel schedules, and poor travel conditions, contributing to a decline in the use of desirable modes like walking and cycling.
    • Infrastructure Deficits:
      India has only 12-13 buses per lakh population, far below the recommended 100 per lakh, leading to increased congestion and road safety concerns.

    Conclusion

    To achieve the goals of the NUTP, there is a pressing need for equitable road space allocation and the introduction of intelligent transport systems. The government should incentivize non-polluting transport modes and enhance public transport usage by addressing existing challenges. This approach could lead to significant savings in infrastructure costs and fuel imports while promoting a healthier urban environment.

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