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Indian Economy

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Home/Indian Economy/Page 21

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Rajni Gautam
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Rajni GautamBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
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The emergence of climate change is contributing to the resurgence of millet farming. Talk about it. Mention the initiatives the government has taking to boost millet production in India as well. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: cropping pattern
  1. Bhairavi Gauatam
    Bhairavi Gauatam Begginer

    The agricultural sector is one of the sectors most sensitive to climate change because the climate of a region determines the nature and characteristics of vegetation and crops. In such a situation, there is a need to look for crops, which can survive the ongoing climate change. In this context, theRead more

    The agricultural sector is one of the sectors most sensitive to climate change because the climate of a region determines the nature and characteristics of vegetation and crops. In such a situation, there is a need to look for crops, which can survive the ongoing climate change. In this context, the cultivation of millets is being revived owing to the following reasons:

    • Millets are hardy crops that can thrive in varying agro-climate regions and can withstand extreme temperatures and droughts. Some varieties of pearl millets survive at temperatures up to 46 degrees Celsius.
    • These crops help mitigate the effects of climate change through their lower carbon footprint per hectare as compared to wheat and rice.
    • Millets also require less water than rice, sugarcane, and wheat. They grow well in dry zones as rain-fed crops.
    • They grow well on poor soils as well. In many areas, millets are cultivated on grazing lands, which were unused for any other profitable work prior to this.
    • Their cultivation cost is lesser when compared to other crops since millets are mostly cultivated on natural farming-based techniques, eliminating a lot of other input costs.
    • Millets are called ‘famine reserves’ as they have a short growing season of 65 days and can be stored for two years or beyond.

    Moreover, climate change, which is now impacting agricultural production and food stability, threatens nutritional security as well. In this context, millets gain importance as they act as rich sources of macronutrients and micronutrients, with high levels of calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, protein, and essential amino acids. They are non-glutinous and rich in antioxidants as well. India currently has around 14 million hectares of land under millet cultivation. Further, according to the fourth advance estimates for the year 2021-22, about 16 million tonnes of millet have been produced in India, which is about 5 percent of the national food grain basket. Considering the benefits, various steps have been taken by the government to promote millet cultivation, including:

    • Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millet Promotion (INSIMP), which was launched in 2011-12 to promote millets as “Nutri-cereals” and enhance India’s nutritional security. It is a part of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
    • The government declared 2018 as the National Year of Millets and launched the Millet Mission as part of the National Food Security Mission, which has led to the promotion of technological interventions, improvement in seed quality, and a minimum support price (MSP).
    • Integrated Cereals Development Programmes in Coarse Cereals under Macro Management of Agriculture scheme to increase the overall productivity under specific crop-based systems.
    • The government allowed the inclusion of “nutri- cereals” in the Public Distribution System (PDS) and the Mid-Day Meal scheme.
    • State governments have launched several schemes to give an impetus to the production of millets, such as the Odisha Millets Mission.

    With 2023 being the UN-designated International Year of Millets, there is a need to promote and strengthen the value chain for millets and millet-based products, including the ready-to-eat category. Millets are being increasingly recognized as climate-smart crops with enormous nutritional and health benefits.

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Hemant Patel
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Hemant PatelBegginer
Asked: July 31, 2024In: , ,
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question
  1. Banish Fatma Qureshi
    Banish Fatma Qureshi Begginer

    YES , Forex trading legal in India ,  but it is heavily regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI). Open a trading account and find a SEBI registered Forex broker or an authorized dealer like a Bank that offers Forex trading services. complete KRead more

    YES , Forex trading legal in India ,  but it is heavily regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI).

    1. Open a trading account and find a SEBI registered Forex broker or an authorized dealer like a Bank that offers Forex trading services.
    2. complete KYC requirements by providing necessary documents like PAN Aadhar and proof of Address.
    3. Deposit money into your trading account using approved payments methods like Banks transfer or online payment gateways.
    4. Choose your currency pair you want to trade.
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Devendra Singhal
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Devendra SinghalBegginer
Asked: June 19, 2024In:
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What is the model of Swiss Challenge? Talk about the benefits and drawbacks of this model. (Answer in 200 words)

upsc: infrastructure
  1. Santosh Singh
    Santosh Singh Learner

    The Swiss challenge model means a method of public procurement in which an unsolicited proposal is received by a public authority for a project that predominantly involves uniqueness and specificity of design, technology and intellectual property rights. The government then examines the proposal andRead more

    The Swiss challenge model means a method of public procurement in which an unsolicited proposal is received by a public authority for a project that predominantly involves uniqueness and specificity of design, technology and intellectual property rights. The government then examines the proposal and if the proposal belongs to the declared policy of priorities, then it may invite competing counter proposals from third parties. In the event of a better proposal being received, the original proponent is given the opportunity to modify the original proposal. Finally, the proponent with the best plan is awarded the contract.
    In a 2009 ruling, the Supreme Court had approved the Swiss Challenge method for award of contracts. Further, respective state governments were encouraged to draft guidelines for procurement using the Swiss Challenge method. For example, Maharashtra and Karnataka have adopted their own policy guidelines.
    Advantages of Swiss Challenge Model

    • Promotes competition: It allows the project to be put for competitive bidding and counter- bidding so as to realize the optimum cost.
    • Enhances efficiency: It provides time and cost saving on pre project activities and feasibility studies for the public authority vis-à-vis other Public Private Partnership (PPP) models.
    • Professionalism: With proper identification of timelines, risks and their allocation, it becomes easier for the public authority as the project preparation is done in a more professional manner and in turn reducing red-tapism.
    • Creativity: Since this model allows the prospective bidders to analyse the design submitted by their competitors and come out with better design, it promotes creative designing and project execution.
    • Equitability: Useful for the governments that have limited technical and financial capacity to develop projects.

    Problems associated with Swiss Challenge Model

    • Issue of Transparency: The biggest concerns are the lack of sufficient transparency and inadequate competition, while dealing with unsolicited proposals and thus it becomes difficult to fix accountability.
    • Crony capitalism: This method could breed crony capitalism by allowing companies to employ dubious means to bag projects.
    • Bidding asymmetry: There is asymmetry in bidding time given to bidders to prepare counter proposals in relation to time taken by originator for preparation.
    • Issue of legal validity: There are no adequate regulatory and legal frameworks. Further, there is a problem of proper legal validity of using this method when a counter proposal contains different specifications than the original proposal.
    • Difficult to measure the monetary value: It is very difficult to measure monetary value of an unsolicited proposal when a contract or project is not given to the original proponent.

    However, these issues can be addressed by instituting a national policy framework for the Swiss Challenge method. There should be wider participation and greater flexibility to promote innovation at the pre-proposal stage and sufficient time for counter-bidders to respond at the post-proposal stage.

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Suraj Singh
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Suraj SinghLearner
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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Discuss the policy and regulatory frameworks necessary to enable the safe and responsible deployment of these technologies in the agricultural sector. Analyze the effects of using drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in precision farming, crop monitoring, and pest management.

upsc: e-technology for farmers
  1. Manoj Singh
    Manoj Singh Learner

    Impact of Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Agriculture 1. Overview of UAVs in Agriculture Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in precision farming to enhance agricultural productivity, improve crop monitoring, and manage pests more effectively. These tRead more

    Impact of Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Agriculture

    1. Overview of UAVs in Agriculture

    Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in precision farming to enhance agricultural productivity, improve crop monitoring, and manage pests more effectively. These technologies offer several advantages over traditional methods:

    • Precision Farming: Drones provide high-resolution aerial imagery that helps in precise monitoring of crop health, soil conditions, and field variability.
    • Crop Monitoring: UAVs can capture real-time data on crop growth, nutrient levels, and stress factors, allowing farmers to make informed decisions.
    • Pest Management: Drones equipped with multispectral sensors can identify pest infestations early, facilitating targeted interventions.

    2. Impact on Precision Farming and Crop Monitoring

    Enhanced Data Collection

    • High-Resolution Imagery: Drones can capture detailed images of fields, enabling farmers to assess crop conditions and manage resources more effectively.
    • Example: In Punjab, the use of drones has helped farmers in monitoring the health of wheat crops, identifying areas needing additional irrigation or fertilizer.

    Improved Resource Management

    • Variable Rate Application: UAVs facilitate variable rate application of inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, based on specific field conditions.
    • Example: Tata Trusts have used drones for precision farming in Maharashtra to optimize the use of inputs and improve yield efficiency.

    Early Detection of Issues

    • Disease and Pest Detection: Drones with multispectral sensors can detect early signs of crop diseases and pest infestations, allowing for timely intervention.
    • Example: In Tamil Nadu, drones have been used to identify and monitor pest outbreaks in cotton fields, leading to targeted and effective pest management strategies.

    3. Impact on Pest Management

    Targeted Application

    • Reduced Chemical Usage: UAVs can deliver precise amounts of pesticides, reducing overall chemical use and minimizing environmental impact.
    • Example: The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has piloted drone-based pesticide spraying in Karnataka, showing a reduction in chemical use and improved pest control.

    Improved Efficiency

    • Faster Response: Drones enable rapid response to pest threats, improving the efficiency of pest management practices.
    • Example: Farmers in Gujarat have used drones to quickly address pest infestations, reducing crop damage and yield losses.

    4. Policy and Regulatory Frameworks

    Current Regulations

    • DGCA Guidelines: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has established guidelines for the operation of drones in India, including requirements for pilot certification, drone registration, and operational permissions.
    • Example: The Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR) for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), updated in 2021, provide a regulatory framework for commercial drone operations.

    Challenges and Gaps

    • Regulatory Complexity: The complex and evolving regulatory landscape can be challenging for farmers and businesses to navigate.
    • Example: The Multi-State Drone Regulations and the need for permissions from multiple authorities can create delays and increase operational costs for drone deployment.

    Policy Recommendations

    • Streamline Regulations: Simplify and harmonize regulations to facilitate easier adoption of drone technology while ensuring safety and compliance.
    • Example: Implement a Single Window Clearance System for drone operations to reduce bureaucratic hurdles and speed up the approval process.

    Promote Research and Development

    • Support Innovation: Encourage investment in research and development to advance drone technology and its applications in agriculture.
    • Example: Government initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) could include provisions for supporting drone-based solutions for precision farming.

    Training and Education

    • Farmer Training Programs: Develop training programs to educate farmers about the use of drones and UAVs, ensuring they can effectively utilize these technologies.
    • Example: The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science has conducted workshops to train farmers on using drones for agricultural monitoring and management.

    5. Conclusion

    The use of drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in precision farming, crop monitoring, and pest management offers significant benefits, including enhanced data collection, improved resource management, and targeted pest control. However, effective deployment of these technologies requires a robust policy and regulatory framework that addresses current challenges and supports innovation. Streamlining regulations, promoting research, and providing farmer training are essential steps to enable the safe and responsible use of drones in agriculture, ultimately contributing to increased productivity and sustainability in the sector.

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Dihitha kondaveeti2003
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Dihitha kondaveeti2003Begginer
Asked: July 22, 2024In:
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  1. Aishee Goswami
    Aishee Goswami

    Capital markets are places where people and organizations with money to invest connect with those who need money to grow their businesses or fund projects. These markets include the stock market and the bond market.   In the stock market, companies sell shares of their ownership to investors. WRead more

    Capital markets are places where people and organizations with money to invest connect with those who need money to grow their businesses or fund projects. These markets include the stock market and the bond market.

     

    In the stock market, companies sell shares of their ownership to investors. When a company first sells its shares, it’s called the primary market. After that, investors can buy and sell these shares among themselves in what’s called the secondary market.

     

    In the bond market, companies or governments borrow money from investors and promise to pay it back with interest.

     

    Capital markets help businesses get the money they need to grow and innovate. They also give investors a way to earn returns on their savings. These markets are important for the overall economy because they ensure money is directed to the most productive uses, helping to drive economic growth and stability. Regulatory bodies oversee capital markets to make sure they are fair and transparent, protecting investors and maintaining trust in the system.

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NIDHI MAYEKAR
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NIDHI MAYEKARBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In: ,
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question
  1. Sanskruti berde
    Sanskruti berde Begginer

    Yes, Fundamental Rights are generally considered superior to Directive Principles of State Policy. Fundamental Rights are enforceable by courts, ensuring their protection against state infringement. They are enshrined as justiciable, meaning individuals can seek legal redress if these rights are vioRead more

    Yes, Fundamental Rights are generally considered superior to Directive Principles of State Policy.

    Fundamental Rights are enforceable by courts, ensuring their protection against state infringement. They are enshrined as justiciable, meaning individuals can seek legal redress if these rights are violated. This makes them legally binding on the state.

    In contrast, Directive Principles are not-justiciable, meaning they cannot be directly enforced by courts through lawsuits. They serve as guidelines for the state to strive for, guiding its policies towards social and economic welfare. While important, they do not override individual rights.

    However, it’s crucial to note that the relationship between these two isn’t always clear-cut. In certain cases, courts have interpreted Directive Principles to inform the meaning and scope of Fundamental Rights, indicating a degree of interdependency.

    Ultimately, the supremacy of Fundamental Rights is established through their justiciability and the guarantee of individual liberties.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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Describe what inclusive growth is. What problems and obstacles does India’s inclusive growth face? Describe. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: inclusive growth & economic development
  1. Ahilya Desai
    Ahilya Desai Begginer

    Concept of Inclusive Growth Inclusive Growth refers to an economic growth strategy that ensures equitable distribution of the benefits of development among all sections of society, especially marginalized and disadvantaged groups. It aims to achieve sustainable development by integrating social, ecoRead more

    Concept of Inclusive Growth

    Inclusive Growth refers to an economic growth strategy that ensures equitable distribution of the benefits of development among all sections of society, especially marginalized and disadvantaged groups. It aims to achieve sustainable development by integrating social, economic, and environmental dimensions. This involves not only boosting the overall economic growth but also ensuring that the growth is broad-based, providing opportunities and improving the quality of life for all, particularly for the poor and underserved.

    Issues and Challenges with Inclusive Growth in India

    1. Economic Inequality: Despite overall growth, India faces significant income disparity and wealth concentration. The wealth gap between urban and rural areas, as well as among different socio-economic groups, remains substantial. For instance, recent data shows that the top 10% of income earners in India hold a disproportionate share of the country’s wealth.
    2. Regional Disparities: Regional imbalances persist, with northern and eastern states lagging behind more prosperous southern and western states in terms of development indicators like health, education, and infrastructure. For example, states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh still struggle with poor human development indices compared to states like Kerala and Maharashtra.
    3. Access to Basic Services: Unequal access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and clean drinking water affects disadvantaged groups disproportionately. The recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS) highlighted disparities in healthcare access between different states and social groups.
    4. Employment Challenges: Unemployment and underemployment are critical issues, especially among the youth and women. Despite economic growth, job creation has not kept pace, leading to a high rate of informal employment.
    5. Social Exclusion: Certain groups, including Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and minorities, often face discrimination and exclusion, which hinders their participation in economic activities.

    Recent Example: The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) are initiatives aimed at improving financial inclusion and providing employment opportunities, respectively. However, challenges remain in ensuring that these benefits reach the most marginalized effectively and equitably.

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Rajesh Meena
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Rajesh MeenaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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Why is policy in India placing such a high priority on skill development? What actions has the government done recently to address this issue?

upsc: employment & skill development
  1. Meera Singh
    Meera Singh Begginer

    Skill development is a key strategy to realise India's potential of demographic advantage of having one of the youngest workforce (an average age of 29 years in comparison to the advanced economies) for iniproving its competitiveness and growth. Also, by 2027, India is expected to have the world's lRead more

    Skill development is a key strategy to realise India’s potential of demographic advantage of having one of the youngest workforce (an average age of 29 years in comparison to the advanced economies) for iniproving its competitiveness and growth. Also, by 2027, India is expected to have the world’s largest workforce. In this context, India needs to focus on skill development as:

    • In India 70 per cent of the labour force reside in rural areas and depend on low productive agricultural activity where there is huge underemployment leading to low level of productivity.
    • The lack of access to good education and training keeps the vulnerable and the marginalized sections into the vicious circle of low skills; low productive employment and poverty. As per the latest ICE360° Survey, the proportion of formally skilled workers in India is extremely low at 4.69% of total workforce, as compared to other countries like China (24%), Germany (80%) etc.
    • With low skill levels the profile of the enterprises is such that nearly 95 per cent of the units are micro in size engaging less than 5 workers. This inhibits the growth of the enterprises to medium and large scale leading to poor productivity and efficiency losses.
    • With the emergence of new technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics, there is need for skilling, reskilling and upskilling of persons to participate in the global knowledge economy. Rather, India can become a global source for skilled manpower for other ageing nations

    In this context, the government has launched various schemes and programmes to push skill development in India. Skill India is the flagship campaign initiative launched by the Government in 2015 to train over 40 crore Indians in different industry-related jobs. Other measures include:

    • Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): It enables a large number of Indian youth to take up industry-relevant skill training that can help them secure a better livelihood.
    • Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY): It involves partner organisations who form a part of the skilling ecosystem with special focus on rural youth who are between the ages of 15 and 35 and are from poor families.
    • Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana: It will provide entrepreneurship education and training to over 7 lakh students in 5 years (till 2020-21) through different institutions.
    • National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS): It aims to promote apprenticeship training and incentivize employers who wish to engage apprentices.
    • The Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP): It is an initiative for skill development in the environment and forest sector to enable India’s youth to get gainful employment and/or self-employment.

    As per WTO, India’s GDP level can be increased further by 3%-5% till 2035, if it focuses on skill development and training. India’s demographic advantage is predicted to peak at around 2041, thus, India has a narrow timeframe to harness its demographic dividend and overcome its skill shortages.

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