Indian Economy

Provisions of National Food Security Act, 2013

Introduction: The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 aims to provide food and nutritional security by ensuring access to adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices. It marks a paradigm shift in addressing food security by legally entitling the poor to receive subsidized food grains.

Key Provisions:

1. Coverage and Entitlement: The Act covers up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS). Beneficiaries are entitled to receive 5 kg of food grains per person per month at subsidized prices of Rs. 3 for rice, Rs. 2 for wheat, and Rs. 1 for coarse grains.
2. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY): The poorest of the poor, identified under AAY, are entitled to 35 kg of food grains per household per month.
3. Nutritional Support to Women and Children: Pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children are entitled to free meals through Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and Mid-Day Meal Scheme.
4. Maternity Benefit: The Act provides a maternity benefit of Rs. 6,000 to pregnant and lactating mothers.
5. Grievance Redressal Mechanism: The Act mandates the establishment of grievance redressal mechanisms at the district, state, and national levels.

Reforms Required to Strengthen Food Security:

1. Improving Efficiency of TPDS: The TPDS needs reforms to minimize leakages and ensure that the intended beneficiaries receive their entitlements. Technological interventions like Aadhaar-based authentication and end-to-end computerization have been initiated, but their implementation needs to be strengthened.
2. Diversification of Food Basket: The food basket under the NFSA should be diversified to include nutritious foods like pulses, millets, and edible oils to address malnutrition more effectively.
3. Enhancing Agricultural Productivity: To ensure long-term food security, investments in agricultural research, irrigation, and sustainable farming practices are crucial. Recent examples include the government’s focus on promoting millets as part of the International Year of Millets 2023.
4. Strengthening Grievance Redressal: The grievance redressal mechanism should be made more accessible and responsive to address issues faced by beneficiaries promptly.

Conclusion: While the NFSA, 2013, has played a crucial role in enhancing food security in India, there is a need for continuous reforms and effective implementation to address challenges like malnutrition and ensure that the benefits reach the most vulnerable sections of society.