How has technology, such as algorithmic trading and blockchain, reshaped the landscape of the stock market, and what implications does this have for traditional trading methods and regulations?
Model Answer Introduction Supermarkets have become a significant part of India’s retail market. The country’s retail industry is growing rapidly, with projections showing an increase from US$ 779 billion in 2019 to over US$ 1.8 trillion by 2030 (Kearney Research). As this shift continues, questionsRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Supermarkets have become a significant part of India’s retail market. The country’s retail industry is growing rapidly, with projections showing an increase from US$ 779 billion in 2019 to over US$ 1.8 trillion by 2030 (Kearney Research). As this shift continues, questions arise about how supermarkets impact small farmers’ income, particularly in terms of reducing intermediaries in the agricultural supply chain.
Supermarkets and Small Farmers’ Income
Positives:
- Direct Access to Markets: Supermarkets provide small farmers with direct access to organized retail markets. By selling directly to supermarkets, farmers bypass the multiple intermediaries, which often reduce their profits.
- Quality Standards and Certification: Many supermarkets require their suppliers to meet certain quality standards. This encourages small farmers to adopt better farming practices, leading to higher-quality produce that can command better prices.
- Reduction in Intermediaries: By engaging directly with supermarkets, farmers avoid the layers of middlemen (like wholesalers and distributors), who often eat into farmers’ profits. For example, Bigbasket procures about 60% of its fresh fruits and vegetables directly from farmers.
- Reduction in Wastage: Supermarkets often have efficient supply chain management systems that help reduce post-harvest losses, especially for perishable items. This ensures that a larger portion of the farmer’s produce reaches consumers, which benefits the farmer’s income.
- Farm-to-Fork Integration: Supermarkets provide a stable and consistent demand for agricultural products. This helps farmers plan their production better and reduces uncertainty about where and when they will sell their produce.
- Technology and Knowledge Transfer: Many supermarkets offer farmers training and technical assistance, helping them improve productivity and meet quality standards. This leads to better farming practices and increased yields.
Negatives
- Market Power of Supermarkets: Supermarkets are large buyers with significant bargaining power. This can sometimes result in downward pressure on prices, reducing the income of small farmers, especially if supermarkets push for lower prices.
- Dependence on a Few Buyers: Small farmers may become reliant on a limited number of buyers, like supermarkets, which can make them vulnerable to price fluctuations or changes in supermarket demands.
- Supply Chain Costs: To meet the quality standards set by supermarkets, farmers often need to invest in better farming practices, technology, or infrastructure. These additional costs can squeeze the farmers’ profits.
- Preference for Uniform Produce: Supermarkets often prefer standardized, uniform products, which may not match the diversity of crops grown by small farmers. This could limit the market opportunities for farmers producing non-standardized goods.
Yes, data structures and algorithms remain highly relevant for software developers at MAANG companies (Meta, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, Google). Here's why: Importance: Technical Interviews: Evaluate problem-solving skills and coding proficiency. Provide a standardized assessment method. Performance OpRead more
Yes, data structures and algorithms remain highly relevant for software developers at MAANG companies (Meta, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, Google). Here’s why:
Importance:
Preparation Tips:
Mastering these areas ensures better interview performance and effective contribution to projects at MAANG companies.
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