Home/Indian Economy/Economic Planning/Page 3
Economic Planning
Share
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.
What is meant by 'Linc of Poverty'? Explain the 'Poverty Alleviation' Programme of India. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]
The term 'the link of poverty' encompasses the complex relationships among poverty, income, race, discrimination, and access to services. The structure which binds these various factors demonstrates different and often multidimensional poverty experience such as a lack of income, a lack of employmenRead more
The term ‘the link of poverty’ encompasses the complex relationships among poverty, income, race, discrimination, and access to services. The structure which binds these various factors demonstrates different and often multidimensional poverty experience such as a lack of income, a lack of employment, education, and discrimination. Each of these factors are interconnected and collectively prevent individuals and communities from reaching a minimum standard of living.
The ‘Poverty Alleviation’ Programme in India consists of various efforts to decrease poverty, with a particular emphasis on the poorest households. A large number of evaluations and modifications have been made to the poverty alleviation efforts, despite some degree of success, areas of research and program evaluation are quite limited and there remain several challenges. The objective of the Poverty Alleviation Programme aims to decrease poverty through a number of governmental initiatives to target specific subgroups, namely individuals that fall below the poverty line17. Significant initiatives such as the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) specifically target self-employment through skill-based training for marginalized communities15. Other initiatives consist of the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Awaas Yojana, which assists in providing housing specifically for the poorest communities, and the National Social Assistance Programme which aims to provide social security initiatives to the aged, disabled, and other vulnerable groups.
Although the Poverty Alleviation Program in India has caused a decline in poverty levels over the years, this is not without challenges, including urban-rural disparities, and how effective the schemes are in the real world1. Evaluations have ongoing demonstrated while programs such as the IRDP, and the National Social Assistance Programme, had some positive impacts, further critiques noted inefficiencies and useful strategies to more effectively outreach to intended beneficiaries19. Evaluations of this nature reinforce the need for continuously improving, redeveloping poverty alleviation efforts in response to changing societal needs.
See lessDo you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Steady GDP Growth and Low Inflation: Indian Economy's Status 1. Steady GDP Growth: Positive Indicator: India’s GDP growth has remained robust, with a projected growth rate of around 6-7% for recent years, indicating a strong economic trajectory. This growth supports employment creation and infrastruRead more
Steady GDP Growth and Low Inflation: Indian Economy’s Status
1. Steady GDP Growth:
2. Low Inflation:
Supporting Arguments:
In conclusion, steady GDP growth and low inflation indicate a robust economic environment, although challenges such as structural reforms and global uncertainties remain.
See lessEnumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST introduced in India since July 2017. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Indirect Taxes Subsumered in Goods and Services Tax (GST) The Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India on July 1, 2017, subsumed several indirect taxes, streamlining the tax system. The major indirect taxes subsumed under GST include: Central Excise Duty: Previously levied on the manufactureRead more
Indirect Taxes Subsumered in Goods and Services Tax (GST)
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India on July 1, 2017, subsumed several indirect taxes, streamlining the tax system. The major indirect taxes subsumed under GST include:
Revenue Implications of GST
The introduction of GST has had mixed revenue implications:
Overall, GST has streamlined the tax system and improved efficiency, but its revenue impact has evolved as the system matures and compliance improves.
See lessDefine potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
Potential GDP refers to the maximum output an economy can produce when operating at full capacity, utilizing its resources efficiently without generating inflationary pressures. It reflects the economy's long-term productive potential, considering the available labor, capital, and technology. DetermRead more
Potential GDP refers to the maximum output an economy can produce when operating at full capacity, utilizing its resources efficiently without generating inflationary pressures. It reflects the economy’s long-term productive potential, considering the available labor, capital, and technology.
Determinants of Potential GDP include:
Inhibitors of India’s Potential GDP:
Addressing these factors could help India better realize its potential GDP.
See lessExplain the difference between the computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015. (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
भारत की सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) की गणना विधि में 2015 के पहले और बाद का अंतर **1. 2015 के पहले की गणना विधि: पुराना आधार वर्ष: GDP की गणना के लिए भारत 2004-05 को आधार वर्ष मानता था। इस आधार पर डेटा संकलित कर मौजूदा मूल्य निर्धारण किया जाता था। सर्वेक्षण आधारित डेटा: GDP की गणना के लिए बड़े पैमाने परRead more
भारत की सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (GDP) की गणना विधि में 2015 के पहले और बाद का अंतर
**1. 2015 के पहले की गणना विधि:
**2. 2015 के बाद की गणना विधि:
उदाहरण: 2015 से पहले GDP वृद्धि दर की गणना में अधिक त्रुटियाँ और डेटा की अपूर्णता की समस्या थी। नए आधार वर्ष के साथ, GST और डिजिटल लेनदेन के डेटा का उपयोग कर GDP की गणना अधिक सटीक और अर्थव्यवस्था की वास्तविक स्थिति को दर्शाने लगी है।
निष्कर्ष: 2015 के बाद की गणना विधि ने GDP की गणना को अद्यतन और सटीक बनाया है, जिससे भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था की वास्तविक स्थिति का बेहतर आकलन संभव हो सका है।
See less"Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity." Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. (250 words) [UPSC 2022]
Economic Growth and Labour Productivity **1. Role of Labour Productivity in Economic Growth: Labour productivity refers to the output per unit of labour input. Recent economic growth has been significantly driven by improvements in labour productivity. For instance, India's IT sector has seen tremenRead more
Economic Growth and Labour Productivity
**1. Role of Labour Productivity in Economic Growth:
**2. Recent Examples:
Growth Pattern for Job Creation and Labour Productivity
**1. Skill Development and Education:
**2. Support for Emerging Sectors:
**3. Entrepreneurship and Small Enterprises:
**4. Infrastructure Development:
By focusing on skill development, supporting emerging sectors, fostering entrepreneurship, and investing in infrastructure, India can create more jobs while maintaining high labour productivity. This balanced approach ensures sustainable economic growth and equitable job distribution.
See lessDistinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? (250 words) [UPSC 2023]
Care Economy vs. Monetized Economy: Care Economy: Definition: The care economy encompasses all activities related to caregiving, including child care, elder care, and domestic work. These activities are primarily performed within households and are often unpaid or underpaid. Characteristics: It is cRead more
Care Economy vs. Monetized Economy:
Care Economy:
Monetized Economy:
Bringing Care Economy into Monetized Economy through Women Empowerment:
Recent Example:
Conclusion: Integrating the care economy into the monetized economy through women empowerment involves formalizing care work, improving wages and working conditions, providing training, and supporting women entrepreneurs. This approach not only enhances the recognition and compensation of care work but also contributes to economic growth and gender equality.
See lessState the important objectives of NITI Aayog. How are the principles and functions of NITI Aayog different from those of the planning commission ? Comment. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]
Important Objectives of NITI Aayog Strategic Planning: NITI Aayog aims to provide strategic and long-term policy frameworks and direction for national development. It replaces the Planning Commission’s role in guiding the country's economic policy. State-Level Empowerment: It focuses on empowering sRead more
Important Objectives of NITI Aayog
Differences from the Planning Commission
Recent Example: In 2023, NITI Aayog launched the ‘Aspirational Districts Programme’, which targets improving performance in districts lagging in development, demonstrating its focus on state-specific, inclusive growth compared to the Planning Commission’s broad, centralized approach.
See lessRole of microfinance in promoting inclusive growth and reducing poverty
**Microfinance** plays a crucial role in promoting inclusive growth and reducing poverty by providing financial services to underserved and marginalized communities. Here’s how microfinance contributes to these goals: ### 1. **Access to Capital** **Role**: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide smRead more
**Microfinance** plays a crucial role in promoting inclusive growth and reducing poverty by providing financial services to underserved and marginalized communities. Here’s how microfinance contributes to these goals:
### 1. **Access to Capital**
**Role**: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide small loans, savings accounts, and insurance to individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. This access enables the poor to start or expand small businesses, which can generate income and improve livelihoods.
**Impact**: By facilitating access to capital, microfinance helps individuals invest in income-generating activities, leading to economic empowerment and poverty reduction.
### 2. **Economic Empowerment**
**Role**: Microfinance supports entrepreneurship among the poor by offering financial services that are often accompanied by training and support. This includes skills development, business management training, and financial literacy programs.
**Impact**: Empowered individuals can create or sustain small enterprises, contributing to economic development and self-sufficiency.
### 3. **Job Creation**
**Role**: Small businesses funded through microfinance often lead to job creation within communities. As micro-entrepreneurs grow their businesses, they may hire additional staff, thus contributing to local employment.
**Impact**: Increased employment opportunities reduce poverty by providing stable income sources for individuals and families.
### 4. **Improved Standard of Living**
**Role**: Access to microfinance enables families to invest in health, education, and housing. For instance, they can afford better medical care, educational expenses for children, or improve their living conditions.
**Impact**: Improved health, education, and housing contribute to a better quality of life and long-term poverty alleviation.
### 5. **Financial Inclusion**
**Role**: Microfinance promotes financial inclusion by integrating low-income populations into the formal financial system. It helps individuals build a credit history and develop financial habits.
**Impact**: Financial inclusion fosters economic stability and resilience, enabling marginalized individuals to better manage financial risks and opportunities.
### 6. **Social Empowerment**
**Role**: Many microfinance programs target women, empowering them economically and socially. Women’s participation in microfinance often leads to greater decision-making power within households and communities.
**Impact**: Empowered women contribute to improved household welfare and community development, enhancing overall social progress.
### 7. **Community Development**
**Role**: Microfinance often involves group lending models, where borrowers form groups to support each other. This creates a sense of community and collective responsibility.
**Impact**: Strengthened community bonds and cooperative efforts can lead to broader social and economic development, contributing to inclusive growth.
### 8. **Reduction of Informal Credit Dependency**
**Role**: By providing formal financial services, microfinance reduces the dependency on informal and often exploitative credit sources, such as moneylenders.
**Impact**: Access to fair and transparent financial services improves the financial stability of borrowers and reduces the burden of high-interest debt.
### 9. **Resilience Building**
**Role**: Microfinance provides a financial safety net through savings and insurance products. This helps individuals and families manage financial shocks, such as illness or natural disasters.
**Impact**: Enhanced financial resilience supports long-term poverty reduction and stability.
### 10. **Policy Influence and Innovation**
**Role**: Successful microfinance models often inspire policy changes and innovations in financial services. Governments and institutions may adopt microfinance principles to improve financial access and inclusion.
**Impact**: Policy advancements can lead to broader financial inclusion and support for low-income populations beyond the reach of traditional microfinance programs.
**Conclusion**: Microfinance is a powerful tool for promoting inclusive growth and reducing poverty. By providing access to financial services, fostering entrepreneurship, and enhancing economic opportunities, it empowers marginalized communities and contributes to sustainable development. However, for microfinance to achieve its full potential, it must be supported by sound regulation, effective management, and a focus on the needs of the poor.
See lessEvaluate the government's efforts to improve the efficiency and transparency of the public investment management system, including the use of performance-based budgeting, outcome-based monitoring, and data-driven decision-making, and assess their impact on improving the quality and impact of public expenditure.
The Indian government has taken several steps to improve the efficiency and transparency of the public investment management system, with the aim of enhancing the quality and impact of public expenditure. Some of the key initiatives and their impact are as follows: Performance-Based Budgeting: The gRead more
The Indian government has taken several steps to improve the efficiency and transparency of the public investment management system, with the aim of enhancing the quality and impact of public expenditure. Some of the key initiatives and their impact are as follows:
Impact on Improving Public Expenditure:
Overall, the government’s initiatives to improve the efficiency and transparency of the public investment management system have shown promising results, but sustained efforts are required to fully realize the potential of these reforms and ensure that public expenditure has a meaningful impact on the country’s development priorities.
See less